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Microbiology > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

All cocci are gram +ve Except

A

VeNoM
Veilonella
Neisseria
Moraxella

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2
Q

Classification of Gram +ve Cocci

A

Micrococcacae - Staphylococcus, Micrococcus
Streptococcacae - Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Enterococcus

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3
Q

Shape of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus

A

Bunch of grapes - S Aureus
Tetrad - Micrococcus

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4
Q

Glucose utilisation in Micrococcus and Staphylococcus

A

Oxidative - Micrococcus
Fermentative - S Aureus

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5
Q

Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are Catalase

A

Positive

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6
Q

Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are Oxidase

A

Micrococcus - Positive
Staphylococcus - Negative

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7
Q

Staphylococcus is Bacitracin

A

Resistant (Tough)

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8
Q

Micrococcus is Bacitracin

A

Sensitive

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9
Q

What is glucose utilisation medium

A

Hugh and Leifson (Bromothymol blue indicator)

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10
Q

S. Aureus produces which pigment

A

Golden pigment

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11
Q

Features of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Non motile
Non sporing
Catalase +ve
Oxidase -ve

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12
Q

Virulence factors of S Aureus associated with cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid

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13
Q

Virulence factor of S Aureus associated with cell surface

A

Protein A , Clumping factor

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14
Q

Features of Protein A

A

Anti-complementary
Anti-phagocytosis
Co-agglutination

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15
Q

In case of S Aureus , for co-agglutination test which strain is used

A

COWAN-1 Strain

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16
Q

Toxins produced By Staph aureus

A

Hemolysins
Panton-valentin toxin (PV Toxin)
Epidermolytic/Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin

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17
Q

Types of Hemolysin toxin

A

Alpha - Lyse sheep and human RBC, inactivated at 70° and activated at 100°
Beta/Sphingomyelinase - Lyse sheepn RBC only, Hot cold phenomenom
Gamma - Lyse sheep and human RBC
Delta - Same

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18
Q

Panton-valentin toxin is secreted by

A

Methicillin resistant Staph Aureus

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19
Q

Epidermolytic or Exfoliative toxin can cause

A

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
Ritter’s disease
TEN(Toxic epidermal necrolysis)

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20
Q

Site of action of Epidermolytic toxin in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

A

Stratum granulosum - Desmoglein 1

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21
Q

Most common Type of Enterotoxin

A

Enterotoxin A
Heat stable

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22
Q

Enterotoxin can cause

A

Food poisioning - Vagomimetic action - Vomiting

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23
Q

Incubation period for Food poisoning caused by Enterotoxin

A

1-6 hours

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24
Q

Enterotoxin F can cause

A

Toxic shock Syndrome

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25
Toxic shock Syndrome is associated with
Long term tampon usage Fatal
26
Criteria of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Fever >102°F Hypotension - SBP <90 Maculopapular rash + Any 3 or more organs involvement
27
Enzymes associated with Staphylococcus
Thermonuclease DNAase Phosphatase Catalase Coagulase
28
Clinical Features seen in Staphylococcus
SOFT PAINS S - Skin and Soft tissue infections O - Osteomyelitis F - Food poisioning (<6hrs) T - Toxic Shock Syndrome, Toxic epidermal Necrolysis P - pneumoniae, Pneumocele A - Acute infective endocarditis I - infective Arthritis N - Necrotizing Fascilitis S - Sepsis
29
Botryomycosis is caused by
Staph aureus
30
Most common cause of Native valve infective endocarditis
S. Aureus
31
Most common cause of Hospital acquired pneumonia or VAP
S. Aureus
32
Microscopic Finding of S Aureus
Bunch of grapes
33
Culture used for S. Aureus
Nutrient Agar - Golden pigment (Staphyloxanthin @22°C, Non diffusible) Blood Agar - Pin head colonies, Narrow zone Hemolysis
34
Selective media for staph aureus
S. Aureus - Salt(7-10%) Mannitol Salt agar Ludlam's agar Salt milk agar
35
How we will get to know about Catalase positive or negative
Catalase positive organisms - Bubbles on slide
36
Examples of Catalase positive organisms
Cats Space Being Made S- S. Aureus, Serratia (Red) P- Pseudomonas A - Aspergillus C - Candida, Cryptococcus E - Ecoli, Enterobacteriacea BeiNG - Bacillus anthracis, Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis MADE - MTB and Micrococcus
37
Types of Coagulase test
Slide Coagulase Tube Coagulase
38
Slide Coagulase is also known as
Bound Coagulase
39
Tube Coagulase is also known as
Free Coagulase
40
Slide Coagulase is positive in
Staph aureus Staph intermedius Staph Hyicus Staph Lugdunensis
41
Tube Coagulase is positive in
Staph aureus Staph intermedius Staph Hyicus Staph Schleiferi
42
Tube Coagulase/Free Coagulase test Procedure
Rabbit/Human Plasma (Coagulase reacting factor) added in culture broth - CRF -coagulase complex - activates Fibrinogen - leads to clotting of plasma
43
Typing done in Staph aureus
Phage Typing - Phage 80/81A Phage 3 - MRSA Gonotypic Typing - Pulsefield Gel electrophoresis
44
Treatment of Staphylococcus infection
Penicillin (Beta lactams) Methicillin Vancomycin
45
Resistance develops against beta lactams due to
By Beta lactamase production (BLA gene and transferred by Plasmid)
46
Most common method of beta lactam resistance
Transduction > Conjugation
47
In case of Penicillin resistance, which drug can be used
Methicillin
48
Methicillin resistance develops due to which gene
Mec A gene (Chromosomally mediated)
49
Diagnosis of MRSA is done by
Dilution broth (Best) If MIC Cefoxitin >8microgm/L or MIC Oxacillin >4mircrogm/L Other methods - Cefoxitin/Oxacillin disc Diffusion agar Latex agglutination for PBP2a ELISA or PCE for MecA gene
50
Most common method of MRSA Spread
Hands of healthcare workers
51
How to eliminate MRSA infection
Nasal Carriers - Ointment Muprocin Other - Chlorhexidine washes Precaution - Hand washing
52
Which drug can be used in case of MRSA
Vancomycin Daptomycin
53
Vancomycin resistant Staph aureus is associated with conversion of
Conversion of D-ala-D-ala to D-ala-D-lactate/serine
54
Which gene is involved in development of VRSA
VAN-A gene
55
Diagnosis of VISA(Vancomycin intermedius S. Aureus) and VRSA
VISA - MIC - 4-8microgm/L VRSA - MIC - >16microgm/L
56
Examples of Coagulase Negative staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus
57
Which is most common Coagulase Negative staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
58
Staphylococcus epidermidis is mostly associated with which infection
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
59
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is associated with which infection
UTI
60
Biofilm can be shown by which Coagulase Negative staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm protects bacteria against antibiotics
61
Which Coagulase Negative staphylococcus is Novobiocin resistant or sensitive
S epidermidis - Sensitive S saprophyticus - Resistant

Microbiology (37 decks)

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