Mycology - Introduction And classification Flashcards
Fungus cell membrane and cell wall composition
Cell wall - Chitin
Cell membrane - Ergosterol except Pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci
Classification of Fungus based on Morphology
1) Yeast - Budding form
2)Yeast like - budding + pseudohyphae
3) Mold/Hyphae
4) Dimorphic fungi
Yeast form of fungus and examples
Shows Budding
Ex - Cryptococcus, S. Cerevicae
Yeast like form Examples
Pseudohyphae + Budding
Ex - Candida, Malassezia
Mold/Hyphae form is Further classified into
Aseptate
Septate
Example of aseptate Mold/hyphae form
Zygomycetes
Pigments of Septate mold/hyphae form and examples
Phacoid/Melanin - Piedra, Alternaria,Madurella, Curvellaria
Hyaline - Fusarium, acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium
Dimorphic fungi exists in which morphologies
Yeast @ 37°C and
Mold/Hyphae @ 25°C
Examples of Dimorphic fungus
Body Heat Probably changes shape
Body - Blastomyces
Heat - Histoplasmosis
Probably - Penicillium marnefii, Paracocci Iodomycosis
Change - Coccidioidomycosis
Shape - Sporotrichosis
Classification of fungi based on spores
Sexual spores
Asexual spores
Sexual spores Includes
ZABD
Zygospores
Ascospores
Basidiospores
Deuteromycetes
Zygospores is seen in
Zygomycetes
Ascospores are seen in
Aspergillus
Basidiospores are seen in
Cryptococcus
Deuteromycetes shows
No sexual spores - Fungi imperfecta
Asexual spores examples
Arthrospores
Blastospores
Sporangiospores
Chlamydospores
Conidia
Arthrospores are seen in
Condensation of hyphael elements
Coccidioidomycosis
Dermatophytes
Sporangiospores Are seen in
Zygomycetes
Chlamydospores are seen in
Shows Double wall
Candida
Conidia are classified into
Macroconidia
Microconidia
Zygomycetes shows which spores
Zygospores
Sporangiospores
Vegetative states shown by fungus
Spiral hyphae
Rectate body (like comb)
Favic Chandelier/Antler hyphae
Nodular organ
Racquest hyphae
Spiral hyphae shown in
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes
Favic Chandelier/Antler Hyphae examples
Trichophyton Schoenleinii
Racquest hyphae seen in
Epidermophyton floccosum
Classification of Fungi on basis of location
Superficial Mycosis
Subcutaneous Mycosis
Deep/Systemic Mycosis
Superficial Mycosis Causative organisms
Tinea versicolor
Dermatophytes
Subcutaneous Mycosis causes
MRCS
Mycetoma
Rhinosporidiosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Deep Mycosis/systemic Mycosis causes
Dimorphic fungi
Opportunistic infections - Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Mucor
Sample taken for diagnosis of Fungal infections
Hair, skin, Nail
Pus
Lung - sputum, Bronchial washings, Lung biopsy
Blood
CSF
urine
Body fluids
Chemical used for Direct examination on M/E
10-20% KOH Mount - digest keratin
Stains used for diagnosis of Fungal infections
GMS (Gomori Methanamine Silver stain) - Black
Per-iodic acid Schiff - Pink
Gram stain
H and E stain
Calcoflour white - Fluorescent stain
Negative stain
Mucicarmine
Fluorescent stain used for Fungus
Calcoflour white
Negative stain used for diagnosis of which organism
India ink, Nigrosin
Used for Cryptococcal Meningitis - CSF sample
Stain used for Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Meningitis in case of Biopsy sampe
Mucicarmine
Culture used for diagnosis of Fungal infections
Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA)
Corn meal Agar
Bird seed Agar/Niger agar
Chrom agar
Sabouraud Dextrose agar Composition and pH
2% Dextrose
pH - 5.6 (Acidic)
Antibiotics - Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol (kills bacteria)
Cycloheximide - to kill saprophytic fungi
Stain used for Sabouraud Dextrose agar
Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)
Lactophenol cotton blue composition
Lactic acid - Preserves Morphology
Phenol - Disinfectant
Glycerol - Prevent drying
Cotton blue - Dye
Used to study culture morphology
Corn meal agar used to grow
Chlamydospores - Candida
Cultures used for Candida
Corn meal agar
Chrom agar
Bird seed agar/Niger agar used for which organism
Brownish color
Cryptococcus
