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Microbiology > RNA Viruses - Picornaviridae And Rhabdoviridae > Flashcards

RNA Viruses - Picornaviridae And Rhabdoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest RNA Virus

A

Picornavirus - 27-30nm

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2
Q

Picornaviridae family includes

A

Rhinovirus
Enterovirus

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3
Q

Route of transmission of Rhinovirus

A

Inhalation

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4
Q

Enterovirus family includes

A

Polio virus
Coxsackie
Enterovirus
Echo virus

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5
Q

Route of transmission of Enterovirus

A

Feco oral

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6
Q

Antigenic types of Polio virus

A

Type 1,2 and 3
Immunity is type specific

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7
Q

Which antigenic type of Polio virus is most commonly responsible for epidemics

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Which antigenic type of Polio virus is most antigenic

A

Type 2
No case reported since 1999
Vaccine derived

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9
Q

Type 3 Antigenic type of Polio virus is associated with

A

Vaccine associated Paralytic polio
No case reported since 2013

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10
Q

Dense antigen of Polio virus associated with

A

A/w whole virion
Type specific
Anti D antibodies are protective

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11
Q

Potency of Injectable polio vaccine is measured using which Antigen

A

Measured using D antigen units

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12
Q

C antigen of Polio virus is

A

Non protective

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13
Q

Incubation period and transmission route of Polio virus

A

IP - 7-14 days (1-2 weeks)
Transmission - Feco oral, inhalation

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14
Q

Reservoir, Carrier and Period of communicability of Polio virus

A

Reservoir - Humans
Carrier - None
Period of communicability - 1 week before and 2-3 weeks after appearance of signs and symptoms

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15
Q

Phases of Polio virus infection

A

1) Alimentary phase - enters oropharynx - small intestine - feces
2) Lymphatic phase - Cervical LN or Mesenteric LN
3) Viremic phase - enters blood
4) Neural phase - Crosses BBB - Cerebrum, Spinal Cord

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16
Q

How many percent of Polio infection goes subclinical

A

90% (via feces)

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17
Q

How many percent of Polio infection reaches to blood causing viremia

A

8% - Abortive polio
Causes fever, malaise, headache, vomiting

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18
Q

How much percent of Polio infection reaches to brain

A

1% - causes Non paralytic Poliovirus - Symptoms of meningitis
<1% - Causes paralytic Polio

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19
Q

Final site of Polio virus

A

Motor neurons

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20
Q

Earliest change in case of Polio virus infection

A

Nissl body degeneration

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21
Q

Assymetric descending flaccid paralysis (ADFP) clinical Features

A

Proximal > distal muscles
Bigger muscle of hands > smaller muscle of hands
Leg muscles > Arm muscles
Meningoencephalitis
Resp failure

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22
Q

Samples taken in case of Poliovirus infection

A

Throat swab
Rectal swab/fecal samples

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23
Q

Cell line used for Polio virus

A

Rhesus kidney cell line (Primary)

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24
Q

Cytopathic effect seen in case of Poliovirus

A

Shrinkage and Degeneration of cell lines

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25
Antibody detection in case of Poliovirus infection
Paired sera at 1-2 weeks with increasing titre
26
Molecular methods used for diagnosis of Poliovirus infection
RT PCR VP1 protein Can differentiate between wild and the vaccine strains
27
Types of Coxsackie virus
Coxsackie A and B
28
Mode of transmission of Coxsackie virus
Feco oral
29
Serotypes of Coxsackie A and B
A - 1 to 24 B - 1 to 6
30
Coxsackie A is known to cause
Herpangina Hand foot mouth disease Acute hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (Coxsackie 24) - Also Enterovirus 70
31
Coxsackie B is known to cause
Carditis Bornholms disease/Pleurodynia/Devils grip/Epidemic myalgia Hand foot mouth disease
32
Coxsackie Viruses can be isolated on
Brain of suckling mice Coxsackie A - flaccid paralysis Coxsackie B - Spastic paralysis
33
Herpangina Clinical features
Vesicular Pharyngitis - Vesicles in post wall of pharynx
34
Hand foot mouth disease Clinical features
On Child Hand foot and mouth - Papulovesicular lesions
35
Pleurodynia means
Infection of intercostal muscles - Pain
36
Enterovirus 70 is known to cause
Acute hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
37
Enterovirus 71 is known to cause
Hand foot mouth disease
38
Enterovirus 72 AKA
Hepatitis A virus
39
ECHOvirus full form and Serotypes
Entric cytopathogenic human orphan virus Serotypes - 1 to 33 except 10,22,23,28
40
Clinical features of ECHO virus
Aseptic meningitis Encephalitis Common cold Rash
41
Rhinovirus serotypes, Acid stable or labile and immunity
100 serotypes Acid labile Immunity is type specific
42
Rhinovirus comes and attaches to which receptor
ICAM 1 Receptor
43
Incubation period, mode of transmission and optimal temperature for growth of Rhinovirus
IP - 2-4 days Mode - inhalation Optimal temp - 33°
44
Clinical feature of Rhinovirus
Common cold
45
Rhabdovirus includes
Lyssavirus - Rabies Vesiculovirus - Vesicular stomatitis virus
46
Features of Rabies virus
100% fatal Bullet shaped virus Enveloped Negative sense RNA
47
Which structure helps Rabies virus in Pathogenesis and neuro invasiveness
Glycoprotein spikes
48
Features of Glycoprotein G in Rabies virus
Enveloped Species specific Plays role in vaccination
49
Glycoprotein G of Rabies virus binds to which receptors
Binds to Ach receptors and induces neutralizing antibody
50
Nucleoprotein of Rabies features
A/w viral RNA Group specific No role in binding and inducing antibody Cross react with other rabies related virus
51
Types of Rabies Virus
Street virus Fixed virus
52
Street virus AKA and features
AKA Furious rabies Negri bodies seen
53
Fixed virus AKA and used for
AKA Dumb rabies Grown repeated in brain of rabbits Used for vaccine preparation
54
Pathogenesis of Rabies virus
Virus inoculation - viral replication in muscle - virus enters in peripheral nervous system and binds to Ach receptor - Passive ascent via sensory fibres (Retrograde axonal transport) - Replication in dorsal ganglion - Rapid ascent in spinal cord - infection of brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum and other brain structures (NEGRI BODIES IN BRAIN +ve) - Descending infection via nervous system to eye, salivary gland, skin and other organs
55
Organs affected by rabies virus other than brain
Salivary gland - M/C submaxillary gland Eye Skin and other organs
56
Spread and source of Rabies virus
Source - Dog, monkey, sheep , goat Spread - through bite or lick Lick on abrasion Inhalation from infected bat aerosol Corneal Transplantation
57
Spread of Rabies virus progess in axon at speed of
3mm/hr
58
Speed of Rabies virus progess can be shorter in which conditions
Shorter height Upper Limb bite Children
59
Clinical spectrum of Rabies virus infection
1)Short prodromal phase - 2 to 5 days 2) Acute neurologic phase - Furious rabies/encephalitis rabies or Dumb paralytic rabies. 3) Coma and death - 100% Fatal
60
Phases seen in Furious rabies/encephalitis rabies
In 80% patients Phase of Encephalitis - Hyperexcitability Phase of lucidity - Slight improval Phase of autonomic disturbances - Hypersalivation, Goosereflex, Arrythmias, Hydrophobia
61
Dumb paralytic rabies features
Seen in partially vaccinated or Rat bite Paralytic symptoms + Cardiac symptoms not seen
62
Antigen detection method used in Rabies Virus
By direct immunofluorescence
63
Best specimen first Rabies infection in early and late stages
Early - from Nape of neck - hair follicles atleast 10 In later stages - Corneal impression smear
64
Most sensitive and specific assay for diagnosis of Rabies
RT PCR
65
Viral isolation methods used for diagnosis of Rabies
Animal inoculation Cell lines
66
Animal inoculation and finding in case of Rabies
On Brain of suckling mice - Negri bodies (intracytoplasmic bodies)
67
Cell lines used for Diagnosis of Rabies
Chick embryo fibroblast (Primary) BHK Cell line (Continous ( W138(sec.)
68
When Antibodies are seen in CSF and blood sample in case of Rabies
CSF - More vulnerable , not seen in vaccinated person Blood - appears late, A/b + in vaccinated person's
69
Antibody detection methods in case of Rabies infection
MNT (Mouse neutralisation test) RFFIT (Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test) FAVN (Fluorescent Antibody virus neutralisation test) IFA (indirect fluorescence test) HAI (Haemgluttination inhibition) CFT (Complement fixation)
70
Autopsy finding and Stain used for diagnosis of Rabies
Negri body Stain - Seller stain Immunoperoxidase stain
71
Category A Patients and Prophylaxis for Rabies
Category A -; Touching/feeding, Intact skin contact with rabid animal Prophylaxis - wound toilet
72
Category ii and Prophylaxis of Rabies
Category ii - Minor scratches/abrasions without bleeding Prophylaxis - wound toilet + vaccine
73
Category ii and Prophylaxis of Rabies
Category ii - Minor scratches/abrasions without bleeding Prophylaxis - wound toilet + vaccine
74
Category iii and Prophylaxis for Rabies
Category iii - Transdermal scratch/bite, Licks on abraded skin/mucus, exposure to wild animals Prophylaxis - Wound toilet + vaccine + Ig
75
Wound toilet procedure in case of Rabies infection
Wash - soap, H20 for 15-20min After Povidone I2 (Topical)
76
Vaccine type and site of administration in Rabies infection
Type - Human diploid cell culture vaccine Site - Adult - Deltoid Child - Anterolateral part of thigh
77
Regimes given for Rabies vaccine
IM - Essen regime ID - Thai red Regime
78
Essen Regime
Intramuscular 5 visits 1-1- 1- 1 - 1 (5 doses) 0-3-7-14-28 day
79
Thai red Regime
Intradermal 4 visits 2-2-2-0-2 (8 doses) 0-3-7 and 28th day (not on 14th)
80
Preexposure prophylaxis for Vet/Forest workers
1-1-1 (3 doses) 0-7-21 or 28th day im/id
81
Reexposure prophylaxis criteria
If reexposure within 3 months - Wound toilet If reexposure > 3 months - Vaccine. 1- 1 0- 3 day
82
Immunoglobulins used for Rabies virus infection
Equine RIg @40IU/kg - more S/E Human RIg @20IU/kg - less S/E Usually infiltrated in or around wound
83
Vector of Vesicular stomatitis virus
Sandfly
84
Reservoir and clinical features of Vesicular stomatitis virus
Reservoir - Domestic animals C/F - Vesicles in and around mouth
85
Sandfly is Vector for which infections
Leishmania/Kala azar Bartonella Bacilliformis (Oroya fever) Vesicular stomatitis virus

Microbiology (37 decks)

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