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Microbiology > Arbovirus > Flashcards

Arbovirus Flashcards

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1
Q

Arbovirus includes

A

Arthropod borne viruses
Bunyavirus
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Reoviridae
Rhabdoviridae

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2
Q

Togavirus is known to cause

A

TONGA CAR
Rubella virus
Chikungunya virus
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis

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3
Q

Flavivirus is known to cause

A

Japanese encephalitis
Yellow fever
Zika
Dengue
West Nile fever

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4
Q

Reoviridae is known to cause

A

Colarado tick fever

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5
Q

Rhabdoviridae known to cause which disease (Arbovirus)

A

Vesicular stomatitis vurus (Sandfly)

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6
Q

Bunyaviridiae family is segmented or non segmented

A

Segmented - 3 segments

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7
Q

Bunyaviridiae family includes

A

Bunyavirus
Phlebovirus
Nairovirus
Hantavirus

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8
Q

Bunyavirus is known to cause and vector

A

California encephalitis - encephalitis
Aedes
ABCDE

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9
Q

Phlebovirus is known to cause and vectors

A

Sandfly fever - Sandfly
Rift valley fever - Aedes
Fever, Rhinitis, encephalitis

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10
Q

Nairovirus is known to cause and vector

A

Crimian congo hemorrhagic fever
Hard tick
Animal to human or human to human

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11
Q

Hantavirus is known to cause and associated with

A

Hantan Renal syndrome - Interstitial Nephritis
Hanta pulmonary syndrome - Interestital pneumonia
Associated with Hemorrhages and rodents

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12
Q

Vector of Eastern equine encephalitis

A

Aedes - 50 to 70% mortality

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13
Q

Vector of Western equine encephalitis

A

Culex

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14
Q

Incubation period of Dengue and Chikungunya

A

5-6 days

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15
Q

Incubation period or Japanese encephalitis and Yellow fever

A

JE - 5 to 15 days
Yellow fever - 3 to 6 days

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16
Q

Incubation period of Kyasanur forest disease

A

4-8 days

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17
Q

Vector of Chikungunya virus

A

Aedes

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18
Q

Clinical features seen in Chikungunya

A

Fever - Saddleback fever (Biphasic)
Migratory arthritis
+ Arthralgia (small joints)
Lymphadenopathy

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19
Q

Which sign is seen in Chikungunya virus

A

Chick sign - Post chikungunya Hyperpigmentation

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20
Q

Diagnosis of Chikungunya virus

A

Antibody - IgM in 4 days, upto 2 months (MAC-ELISA)
IgG in 2 weeks to years
RT PCR

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21
Q

Rubella virus is now part of which family

A

Matonaviridae

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22
Q

Rubella virus AKA

A

German measles or three day measles

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23
Q

Mode of transmission of Rubella virus

A

Respiratory droplets
Transplacental

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24
Q

Incubation period for Rubella infection

A

14 days

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25
Q

Clinical features of Rubella infection

A

URTI
Post auricular Lymphadenopathy
Rash - last for 3 days, very similar ro Measles

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26
Q

Spots in Rubella infection

A

Forscheimers spots - seen on palate
Non specific for Rubella

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27
Q

Clinical features of Congenital Rubella syndrome

A

Most dangerous trimester - 1st
Baby excrete rubella virus in urine, saliva
PYAR MEIN ANDHA BEHRA
Patent ductus arteriosus
SNHL
Cataract
Blueberry muffin baby

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28
Q

Diagnosis of Rubella virus

A

Cell lines
No Cytopathic effect
Antigen
Antibody
RT PCR

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29
Q

Diagnosis of Rubella in Pregnant lady

A

IgM indicates Acute/current infection
IgG > 1:8 - past infection

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30
Q

Rubella vaccine, Strain and it’s Contraindications

A

Live attenuated vaccine - C/I in Immunocompromised individual
Strain - RAV27/3

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31
Q

Vector and their species for Japanese encephalitis virus

A

Culex - C. Tritaeniorhyncus - M/C in world
C. Vishnui - M/C in India

32
Q

Reservoir, amplifier and dead end hosts in case of Japanese encephalitis

A

Reservoir - ardied birds (Crane)
Amplifier - Pigs
Dead end hosts - Humans and animals

33
Q

Clinical features of Japanese encephalitis virus

A

Prodromal symptoms (mild)
Acute encephalitis
Long term neurological deficit

34
Q

Lab diagnosis and sample for Diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus

A

RT PCR (CSF)

35
Q

Vaccine Prophylaxis in case of Japanese encephalitis virus

A

Live attenuated
Inactivated vaccine

36
Q

Live attenuated vaccine for Japanese encephalitis virus

A

SA 14-14-2 vaccine (M/c used in India)

37
Q

Strains of Inactivated vaccine for Japanese encephalitis virus

A

Nakayama and Beijing P1 strain (mouse Brain derived and formalin inactivated)
Beijing P3 strain (cell line derived)

38
Q

Yellow fever genotypes, serotypes and endemic in

A

Genotypes 7
Serotype 1
Endemic in west africa and south America

39
Q

Vector of yellow fever

A

Aedes Aegypti

40
Q

Cycles of Yellow fever

A

Jungle cycle - Monkeys and forest mosquitos
Urban cycle - Humans and urban mosquito

41
Q

Mild and severe clinical features of Yellow fever

A

Mild - Fever with Bradycardia (Fagets sign), Myalgia
Severe - Hemorrhagic manifestations (platelet dysfunction)
Hepatitis - Midzonal necrosis

42
Q

Unvaccinated traveler from yellow fever endemic zone to india need to

A

Quarantine for 6 days

43
Q

Aedes aegypti index should be maintained around airports, seaports

A

Less than 1

44
Q

Serology findings of Yellow fever

A

Serology - IgM (3 days of onset), Ig

45
Q

Cytopathic effects seen in Yellow fever

A

Liver - Midzonal necrosis
Body - Torres body

46
Q

Vaccine used for Yellow fever, Route and it’s Efficacy

A

Yellow fever 17D vaccine - live attenuated
Prepared from allantoic cavity
Route - s/c, single dose
Efficacy -;7 days to 35 years

47
Q

Contraindications of Yellow fever 17D vaccine

A

Less than 9 months
Pregnancy
HIV/Immunodeficiency
Egg allergy
Cholera and yellow fever vaccine can interacts together - there should be gap of 3 weeks

48
Q

Vector, host of Monkey fever/Kyasanur forest disease

A

Hard tick
Host - Monkey (Amplifier host)

49
Q

Clinical features of Monkey fever/Kyasanur forest disease

A

Fever, Myalgia
Mucosal and cutaneous hemorrhages

50
Q

Season of Monkey fever

A

January - June

51
Q

Vector of Zika flavivirus

A

Aedes

51
Q

Transmission of Zika virus

A

Vector borne
Transplacental
Blood transfusion
Sexual transmission

52
Q

In case of mother to child transmission Zika virus deposits into

A

Hoffbeaur cells of placenta (Macrophages)

53
Q

Clinical features of Congenital Zika virus infection

A

Eyes - Optic neuropathy, Congenital glaucoma
Brain - Microcephaly, Ventriculomegaly

54
Q

Clinical features seen in adults in case of Zika virus infection

A

Myalgia, Arthralgia, Rash
CVS involvement
CNS - Gullian barre Syndrome

55
Q

Diagnosis of Zika virus

A

RT PCR (Blood, urine)
IgM - Plaque reduction neutralisation test for confirmation of antibody

56
Q

Most common mosquito borne infection and most rapidly spreading infection

A

Dengue

57
Q

Most common Arbovirus found in India

A

Dengue virus

58
Q

Serotypes of Dengue virus and which one is most dangerous

A

DEN 1 - DEN 4
Most dangerous - DEN 2

59
Q

Recently new serotype of Dengue is found in

A

DEN - 5 in Bangkok

60
Q

Antibodies dependent enhancement (ADE) means

A

Primary Dengue infection - secondary dengue infection (more severe) - because Antibody produced against 1st serotype will combine and protect 2nd serotype from immune system)

61
Q

Clinical forms of Dengue

A

Dengue fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue shock syndrome

62
Q

Dengue fever clinical features

A

High fever (breakbone/saddleback fever)
Maculopapular rash - chest then upper limbs
Frontal headache
Muscle and joint pains

63
Q

Dengue hemorrhagic fever Clinical features

A

Dengue fever +
Platelet count <1 lac
Platelet functional qualitative defects
Positive torniquet test (>20 spots/inch)
HCT rises by 20% (Hemoconcentration evidence)

64
Q

Dengue shock Syndrome

A

Endothelial damage
Dengue Hemorrhagic fever +
Shock

65
Q

WHO Grading Dengue fever

A

Fever with 2 or more following features - Headache, Retroorbital pain, Myalgia, Arthralgia
Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia (<1 lac), No evidence of plasma loss

66
Q

WHO Grade 1 Dengue

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic fever
Dengue fever + Torniquet sign +ve
Thrombocytopenia, HCT Rises (>20%)

67
Q

WHO grade 2 of Dengue

A

Grade 1 features + spontaneous bleeding

68
Q

WHO Grade 3 of Dengue

A

Grade 2 + Circulatory failure (weak pulse , hypotension, Restlessness)

69
Q

WHO grade 4 of Dengue

A

Dengue Shock Syndrome
Profound shock with undetectable BP and pulse

70
Q

Lab diagnosis methods of Dengue

A

PCR - Day 1 to 7
NS1 Antigen - +ve upto day 7
IgM -MAC ELISA - from day 7

71
Q

Treatment of Dengue

A

Supportive treatment
Platelets transfusion (single donor apheresis platelets)
Fluids

72
Q

Vaccine for Dengue

A

Dengraxia - gives protection against all 4 serotypes (D1 to D4)

73
Q

Aedes mosquito features

A

Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
Tiger mosquito
Day time biters
Peak - Dawn and dusk
Cigar shaped eggs
Transovarial transmission in mosquito

74
Q

Diseases transmitted by Aedes as a vector

A

AEDEEZ CCRYD
EE - Eastern equine encephalitis
Z - Zika virus
C - California encephalitis
C - Chikungunya
R - Rift valley fever
Y - Yellow fever
D - Dengue fever

Microbiology (37 decks)

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