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Microbiology > Retrovirus > Flashcards

Retrovirus Flashcards

1
Q

Retrovirus family includes

A

Oncoviridae - HTLV 1,2
Lentiviridae - HIV 1,2

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2
Q

Which HIV is more common in India

A

HIV 1&raquo_space; HIV 2

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3
Q

Features of HIV Virus

A

Unsegmented ssRNA
2 copies of RNA
100-120 nm
Reverse transcriptase activity

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4
Q

HIV 1 Serotypes

A

M - M/C
N
O
P

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5
Q

Subtypes of M serotype of HIV 1

A

10 subtypes - A to K

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6
Q

Which serotype of HIV 1 is most common in Worldwide and India

A

Worldwide - HIV 1 Group M subtype B
India - HIV 1 Group M subtype C

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7
Q

Circulating recombinant forms of HIV

A

CRF-AE : Combination of A and E Serotypes

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8
Q

HIV proteins are classified into

A

Structural
Non structural

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9
Q

Structural proteins of HIV includes

A

Env (Envelope)
Gag
Pol

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10
Q

Env (Envelope proteins) of Hiv

A

Envelope - gp160
Surface - gp120
Transmembrane - gp41

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11
Q

Gag proteins of HIV

A

Matrix - p17
Capsid - p24
Nucleocapsid - p7
Budding protein - p6

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12
Q

Pol proteins of HIV

A

RIP
Reverse transcriptase - p66
Integrase
Protease

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13
Q

Non structural proteins of HIV

A

Tat (Transcriptional transactivator)
NeF (Negative factor gene)
ReV (Regulation of virus)
ViF (Viral infectivity factor)
Vpu/Vpx - unload/release of virus
Vpr - transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
LTR (Long terminal repeats)

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14
Q

Which non structural protein of HIV is responsible for Unloading/release of virion

A

Vpu/Vpx

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15
Q

Which non structural protein of HIV helps in transport of HIV from cytoplasm to nucleus

A

Vpr

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16
Q

Attachment of HIV Virus is mediated by

A

Envelope proteins (gp129, gp41) - attaches to Macrophages or CD4 Cells and Coreceptor binding to Chemomine receptors
R4 strains - Binds to CXCR4 on CD4 cells
R5 strains - Binds to CCR5 on macrophages

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of HIV

A

Attachment - Endocytosis - Uncoating - conversion of viral RNA to DNA with the help of Reverse transcriptase - viral DNA transported to nucleus (Vpr) - Integration of viral DNA with host DNA mediated by Integrase enzyme - Transcription (RNA formation) - Protein synthesis - new viral particles formed - Release (by Protease enzymes)

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18
Q

Transmission of HIV

A

Sexual (0.1-1%) - Homosexual routes, Heterosexual routes, unprotected receptor anal course, vaginal intercourse
Blood transfusion (>90%)
Needle stick injury - 1:300
Needle sharing - 1:150
Vertical (30%)

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19
Q

Clinical forms of HIV

A

Acute HIV syndrome
Clinical latency
PGL (Persistent generalized Lymphadenopathy)
ARC (AIDS related complex)

20
Q

Clinical features seen in Acute HIV Syndrome

A

Fever/weight loss
Headache
Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Skin rash
Myalgia
Nausea/vomiting
Hepatosplenomegaly

21
Q

Clinical latency form of HIV

A

Asymptomatic
CD4 Count goes down
HIV RNA levels increases

22
Q

Persistent generalized Lymphadenopathy form of HIV

A

Enlarged LN - two or more than 2 non contagious extrainguinal sites LN

23
Q

AIDS related complex

A

When CD4 <200/mm3 - definition of AIDS
Opportunistic infections

24
Q

Opportunistic infections when CD4 count is less than 500

A

Tb
Bacterial pneumonia
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Non typhoid Salmonellosis
Kaposi sarcoma
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Herpes zoster

25
Opportunistic infections seen in Hiv when CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Oesophageal Candidiasis Herpes simplex ulcer Isospora belli diarrhea HIV Associated dementia
26
Opportunistic infections seen in HIV when CD4 <100
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcal Meningitis Cryptosporidiosis CMV MAC PMLE
27
Opportunistic infections seen in HIV when CD4 <50
CMV MAC Toxoplasma gonii retinitis
28
CDC AIDS Definition
CCCCCCPPHKM Candida - trachea, esophagus Cryptococcus - meningitis Cryptosporidium - chronic diarrhea (>1 month) CMV colitis - Seringous ulcers Cerebral toxoplasmosis - Seizures CNS Lymphoma PMLE Pneumocystis CD<200 HSV Kaposi sarcoma (HHV8) MAC - CD<50
29
WHO Definition of AIDS
Atleast 2 major signs in combination with at least 1 minor signs Major Signs - Weight loss (>10% of body weight), Chronic diarrhea, Prolonged fever Minor signs - Persistent cough for > 1 month, generalized pruritic dermatitis H/O of herpes zoster Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Generalized Lymphadenopathy
30
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV Pt
Tb
31
Most common opportunistic fungal infection in HIV pt
Candida
32
Most common space occupying tumor in HIV pt
CNS Lymphoma
33
Most Common glomerulonephritis in HIV Patients
FSGS (HIVAN)
34
Most common Non Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV pt
DLBCL
35
Most common Hepatitis in HIV pt
Hepatitis B
36
Most common skin symptom in HIV
Seborrheic dermatitis
37
Most common endocrine symptom in HIV pt
Lipodystrophy
38
Which one to treat first im case of Tb with HIV
First give ATT then after few weeks start ART (To prevent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome)
39
Lung infections and X rays findings seen in case of HIV
Pneumococcus - Lobe consolidation TB - Snow storm/Hazzy pattern Pneumocystis jiroveci - Perihilar opacities (CD4 <200)
40
Diagnosis methods for HIV
CD4 Count ELISA - Sensitive (4th generation enzyme immunoassay) Western blot - specific Immunofluorescence assay Lind or dot immunoassays RT PCR (Even 40 copies detected) Pediatric HIV - DNA PCR
41
ELISA (4th generation enzyme immunoassay) in HIV
Detection of p24 antigen + antibodies If +ve - Do HIV 1/HIV 2 antibody differentiation immunoassay - If negative - HIV 1 NAT (Definitive)
42
Western blot findings according to WHO
Antibody against 2 envelope bands (gp120,gp41) with or without gag/pol bands
43
1st to rise in HIV, HIV RNA or p24
HIV RNA > p24
44
HTLV- 1 Causes
Human T cell leukemia lymphoma virus Causes adult T cell leukemia lymphoma, Tropical spastic paresis
45
Microscopic examination finding in case of Adult T cell leukemia Lymphoma
Clover leaf cells
46
Mode of transmission of HTLV -1
Blood Body fluids (breast milk)

Microbiology (37 decks)

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