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Microbiology > Gram Negative Bacteria Part 2 > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Klebsiella

A

K. Pneumoniae/Friedlanders bacillus
K. Ozoenae
K. Rhinoscleromatis
K. Granulomatis

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2
Q

K. Pneumonia causes

A

Community acquired pneumonia, HAP, VAP
COPD (Superadded infection)
UTI (Catheter Associated)
Septicemia

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3
Q

K. Ozoenae is known to cause

A

Ozaenae or Atrophic Rhinitis
Foul smelly discharge
Merciful anosmia

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4
Q

K Rhinoscleromatis is known to cause

A

Rhinoscleroma

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5
Q

Gross and Microscopic Findings of Rhinoscleroma

A

Grossly - Hebra/woody nose
M/E - Mikulicz cells and Russell body

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6
Q

K. Granulomatis known to cause

A

AKA : Donovanosis
Painless Genital ulcers

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7
Q

Microscopic Findings of K. Granulomatis infection

A

Donovan bodies - Pund cells
Safety pin appearance

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8
Q

HVPK means

A

Hyperviscous Hypervirulent strain of K pneumoniae
Very virulent
CAP, Meningitis, Sepsis
Resistant to treatment

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9
Q

MacConkey agar finding for K pneumoniae

A

Lactose fermenter +
Pink + mucoid colony (String test +ve)

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10
Q

Klebsiella is Urease positive or negative

A

Positive

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11
Q

IMVIC test in case of K pneumoniae

A

–++

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12
Q

Urease positive organisms

A

PUNCH KISS
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Cryptococcus
Helicobacter
Kleibsiella
Staph Saprophyticus
Staph Epidermidis

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13
Q

Klebsiella mnemonic

A

KLEbsiELLA
Capsulated
Lactose fermenter
Enzyme urease +ve
Non motile

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14
Q

Treatment of K pneumoniae infections

A

Piperacillin + Tazobactam
For XDR strains - Only antibiotic useful is Colistin or Polymyxin (very expensive)

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15
Q

Serratia Marcescens used to transmitted by contaminated

A

Iv lines
Surgical instruments
Antiseptic solutions

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16
Q

Serratia Marcescens causes

A

Pneumonia (Pseudohemoptysis) - Red cough or sputum)
Contact lens keratitis (Pink hypopyon)
Meningitis
CVS Problems
Septicemia

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17
Q

Pigment seen in Serratia Marcescens

A

Non diffusible Red pigment at room temperature (Prodigiosin)

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18
Q

SeRRatia mnemonic

A

S - Swarming, surgical instruments
R - Red color pigment
R - Room temperature

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19
Q

Tribe Proteae includes

A

PPM
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

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20
Q

Which Proteae Families are Urease positive

A

Proteus
Morganella

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21
Q

Which Proteae Families are PPA +ve

A

Phenyl pyuric acid testing
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

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22
Q

Proteus features

A

Can take any shape (Pleomorphic bacteria)
Gram -ve bacilli
Non capsulated
Swarming motility

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23
Q

Swarming motility is seen in

A

PVCS
P - Proteus
V- Vibrio Parahemolyticus and Alginolyticus
C - C Tetani, B. Cereus
S - Serratia

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24
Q

Swarming can be inhibited by

A

Firm agar (5% agar)
Chemicals (boric acid and chloral hydrate)
MacConkey agar (bile salts +ve)

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25
Epidemiological typing of Proteus shows which phenomenon
Diene's phenomenon In same strains - Swarming merge In different strains - line of demarcation
26
Uses of Proteus
Non motile strains of Proteus (OX2, OX19 AND OXK) - used for Weil Felix test
27
Treatment of Proteus infection
Resistance ++ P. Mirabilis - Ampicillin, Cephalosporin sensitive
28
PrOteUS Mnemonic
PPA +ve, Diene's Phenomenon Odour - Fish Urease +ve Swarming
29
Morganella is known to cause
Food poisioning (Uncooked fish) AKA - Scombroid food Poisioning
30
Tribe Erwinieae includes
Erwinieae herbicola - Yellow pigment, UTI
31
Yersinia includes
Yersinia pestis Yersinia Enterocolitica Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis
32
Which yersinia species belongs to Enterobacteriacea family
Y. Enterocolitica Y. Pseudotuberculosis
33
Yersinia Shows which motility
Differential motility (motile at 22°C, non motile at 37°C) expect Y pestis - non-motile
34
Differential motility is shown by
Listeria Yersinosis except Y pestis
35
Yersinosis causes which diseases
1)Self limiting gasteroenteritis 2)Mesenteric adenitis, Terminal ileitis(child) - mimics appendicitis (Pseudoappendicitis) 3)Adults - Systemic diseases
36
Culture findings for Yersinosis
MacConkey agar - Y. Enterocolitica can show Lactose fermentation Differential motility
37
Cold enrichment is shown by
Yersinosis Listeriosis
38
Yersinia pestis causes
Plague
39
Reservoir and vector of Plague
Reservoir - wild rodents Vector - Rat flea
40
Life cycle of yersinia pestis
Flea gets infected from Rat - enters stomach - Multiplies(Replication) - come back and block proventriculus of flea - Regurgitates in blood meal
41
Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis
Protein envelope F1 antigen (Protein capsule) V,W antigen Toxin - Endotoxin Murine toxin
42
Cycles of Plague
Urban/domestic - Rodents and humans Wild/Sylvatic - Wild rodents only
43
Types of Plague
Bubonic plague - painful Lymph node enlargement Pneumonic Plague Septicemic - Black death(DIC, Shock, multiple organ failure)
44
Microscopic Findings seen in Yersinia pestis infection
Safety pin appearance
45
Stain used for Yersinia pestis infection
Wayson stain(NMB stain) or Wright/Giemsa stain
46
Safety pin appearance can be seen in
Yersinia pestis Vibrio Parahemolyticus Burkholdiera Mallei and Pseudomallei Hemophilus ducreyi Klebsiella granulomatis
47
Culture finding of Y pestis on CIN Agar
Bull's eye colonies
48
Culture finding of Y pestis on nutrient broth (Ghee broth)
Stalactite growth (hangs from surface)
49
Culture finding of Y pestis on blood/chocolate agar
Dark brown colonies
50
Yersinia pestis is Catalse and Oxidase
Catalase +ve Oxidase -ve
51
Y. Pestis shows which fermentation
Glucose, Maltose and Mannitol Acid +, Gas -
52
IMVIC Test result for Y pestis infection
-+--
53
Serological tests for Y pestis
Passive hemagglutination - antibodiy against F1
54
Vaccine used for Y. Pestis
Sokhey's modification of Hoffkine vaccine Recombinant F1V vaccine
55
Sokhey's modification of Hoffkine vaccine
Given by s/c route Formalin killed Protects only against Bubonic plague Protection for 6 months
56
Recombinant F1V vaccine is used for
Pre exposure prophylaxis
57
Treatment of Plague
Streptomycin If CNS, lung, heart involvement - Fluoroquinolones
58
Which scheme is used to classify Salmonella
Kaufmann and white scheme
59
Antigens of Salmonella
O (Somatic) H (Flagella) Vi
60
Which antigen of Salmonella is more immunogenic
H antigen
61
O (Somatic antigen)
SomatiC Slow reactions Chalks granular clumps
62
H (Flagella) antigen
FLagella Fast Loose fluffy clumps
63
Vi Antigen
Envelops O antigen Used for vaccination Heat labile
64
O antigen in Salmonella species
Same for S. Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B
65
H (Flagella) antigen in Salmonella species
Different In every species Th (S. Typhi) Ah (S. Paratyphi A) Bh (S Paratyphi B)
66
If H antigen lost then
There will be loss of Flagella
67
If O Antigen is lost then
Smooth to rough variation - Loss of virulence
68
Salmonella typhi causes
Enteric fever or Typhoid fever
69
Mode of transmission of S. Typhi
Feco-oral route
70
Pathogenesis of S. Typhi
Enters intestine and binds to M cells - penetrates submucosa - Resist intracellular killing - mesenteric LN - via thoracic duct (1° bacteremia) - Organs - Again blood (2° bacteremia)
71
Types of Carriers of Salmonella
Shed bacilli in feces/urine Convalescent Carrier (3 wk to 3 months) Temporary Carrier ( 3 months to 1 year) Chronic carrier (>1 year)
72
Clinical features of Typhoid or Enteric fever
SLeeP With FROSt Step ladder pattern fever Longitudinal ulcers (GIT) Pea soup diarrhea Fever with Bradycardia (Fagets sign) Soft palpable spleen , liver Rose spots (2nd-3rd wk) - fades on pressure Wbc - relative lymphocytosis
73
Best Diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Typhoid fever on basis of weeks
BASU wk 1 Blood culture Wk 2 - Antibody (Widal test) Wk 3 - Stool culture) Wk 4 - urine culture
74
Blood culture for diagnosis of Typhoid fever
Bile broth or glucose broth can be used Add SPS (Sodium Polyanethol sulfonate) to remove antibiotic effect
75
Medium used for blood culture in Typhoid fever
Castaneda medium
76
Biologically false Widal test can be seen in
Infectious mononucleosis Malaria SLE
77
Antibody titres against O and H Antigen in Widal test
O - >1:60 H - >1:180
78
Principle of Widal test
O antigen (same in all) H antigen - ST, SPTa, SPTb To Th Ah Bh O-H-O-H O - First appear H - next appear O - first disappear H - last to disappear
79
To Positive in
S typhi S Paratyphi A S Paratyphi B Early infection
80
Th Antigen positive in
S. Typhi Late infection Vaccine
81
Ah positive in
S Paratyphi A Vaccine
82
Bh Positive in
Paratyphi B Vaccine
83
New test for Typhoid fever
Typhidot Dot blot test
84
Enrichment media and Selective media are same for Salmonella and Shigella except
Wilson and Blair media - best media for S. Typhi
85
Colonies produced on Wilson and Blair media
Jet black colonies
86
IMVIC test for Salmonella
-+-+
87
Vaccines against Typhoid fever
Live oral vaccine (Typhoral) - Ty21a Vi vaccine (Typhim Vi) - Ty2 vaccine
88
Salmonella gastroenteritis is caused by
Non typhoidal salmonella
89
Most common cause of Salmonella gastroenteritis
S. Typhimurium > S. Enteritidis
90
Source and incubation period of Salmonella gastroenteritis
Source - Food (meat, milk) Incubation period - <24 hrs
91
Clinical features of salmonella gastroenteritis
Fever Vomiting Invasive Diarrhea
92
Salmonella septicemia is caused by
S. Choleraesius
93
Motile organisms of Enterobacteriacea family
E Coli Enterobacter Citrobacter Salmonella Proteus Yersinosis
94
Lactose and Non lactose fermenters of Enterobacteriacea family
Lactose fermenters - Ecoli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter Non lactose fermenters - Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia

Microbiology (37 decks)

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