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Microbiology > Hematozoa > Flashcards

Hematozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Hematozoa Includes

A

Malaria
Babesia

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2
Q

World malaria day

A

April 27th

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3
Q

Malaria month in India

A

June

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4
Q

P. Vivax is characterized by

A

Benign tertian - 48 hr cycle

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5
Q

P. Falciperum is characterized by

A

Malignant tertian - Cerberal malaria (48 hrs)

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6
Q

Which Species causes Benign tertian malaria (48 hrs cycles)

A

P. Vivax
P. ovale

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7
Q

Which species cause malignant tertian malaria

A

P. Falciperum - Cerebral Malaria

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8
Q

Which Species causes Quartan malaria (72 hrs cycles)

A

P. Malariae

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9
Q

Which species causes Quotidian (daily)

A

P. Knowlessi

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10
Q

How many gametocytes needed to be in blood so infection can goes to mosquito

A

Atleast 12 gametocytes/microlitre in blood

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11
Q

Incubation period of every Plasmodium species

A

P. Vivax - 13 to 17 days
P. Falciperum - 12 days
P. Malariae - 28 to 30 days
P. Ovale - 13 to 17 days
P. Knowlessi - 8 to 10 days

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12
Q

Definitive host in case of Malaria

A

Female anopheles mosquito

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13
Q

Intermediate host in Malaria

A

Human

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14
Q

Infective form to humans in case of Malaria

A

Sporozoites from saliva
Trophozoites from blood and mother to child

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15
Q

Infective form to Mosquito in case of Malaria

A

Gametocytes - gives to mosquito

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16
Q

3 Properties seen in case of Malaria

A

Cytoadherence
Rosetting
Agglutination

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17
Q

Cytoadherence means

A

Binding of parasites protein pfEMP to ICAM 1 Receptor

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18
Q

Rosetting means

A

Parasitized and unparasitized RBCs are gonna clump

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19
Q

Agglutination means

A

All parasitized RBCs agglutinates/clumps

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20
Q

Exoerythrocytic Cycle of Malaria

A

Mosquito injects Sporozoites - Liver cell - infect liver cells - Schizont - Ruptured Schizont - enters blood

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21
Q

Erythrocytic cycle in case of Malaria

A

Enters blood - deposits on RBC - immature trophozoite - Mature trophozoite - Schizont - Ruptured Schizont - again repeated

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22
Q

Malaria life cycle in female Anopheles

A

Mature trophozoite - Gametocytes - mosquito takes blood meal (ingests gametocytes) - mating of gametocytes - ookinete (motile) - oocyst (non motile) - ruptured oocyst - release of sporozoites - bites human

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23
Q

Hypnozoites are seen in which organ

A

Liver

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24
Q

Characteristics of Malaria due to Blood transfusion

A

Directly Sporozoites in blood - No exo erythrocytic cycle
Hypnozoites not seen
Incubation period short
Relapse not seen

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25
Prepatent phase means
Interval between Entry of sporozoites into body to first parasite in blood
26
Relapse is seen in case of which Plasmodium species
Hypnozoites activated time to time Seen in P. Vivax and P. Ovale
27
Recrudescence is seen in which Plasmodium species
Shown by P Falciperum and P. malariae Due to inadequate treatment/resistant to treatment
28
Benign Malaria phases
Febrile paroxysms Cold phase - chills, shivering Hot phase - Fever Sweating phase - Sweat (fall in fever)
29
Most common cytokines involved in Benign Malaria
TNf - alpha By erythrocytic Schizogony
30
Malignant Malaria Clinical features
P. Falciperum - Cerberal Malaria Fever, headache, nausea, Hepatosplenomegaly Confusion Paralysis Coma
31
Pathological finding in case of Malaria
Durck Granuloma
32
Blackwater fever in Malaria is due to
RBC breakdown (intravascular hemolysis) - leads to Hburia
33
Renal manifestation and most commonly associated with which Plasmodium species
Nephrotic syndrome (MGN) M/C with P. Malariae
34
Tropical Splenomegaly in malaria is due to
Due to chronic/repeated infections in tropical countries - Reticuloendothelial hyperplasia
35
Algid malaria means
Malaria with circulatory failure
36
P. Knowlessi features
Quotidian (fever daily) IP - 8 to 10 days Vector - Anopheles Leucosphyrus Monkeys Malaysia
37
Immunity against malaria is seen in which conditions
Sickle cell trait Thalassemia trait Fetal Hb G6PD Deficiency Ovalocytosis Duffy -ve RBC
38
Gold standard diagnosis method for Malaria
Light Microscopy - Thick and Thin smear
39
Thick smear property and sensitivity
Done to quantify malaria Sensitivity - 5 parasites/ml
40
Thin smear property and Sensitivity
For species identification Sensitivity - 200 parasites/ml
41
Stain used in case of Malaria
Romanowsky stain - Giemsa stain, Leishman stain, Wright stain, Field stain Jaswant singh Bhattacharya stain
42
Vivax and ovale involves which type of RBCs
Affects Young RBCs - enlarged
43
Falciperum involves which type of RBCs
Affect all ages
44
P. Malariae involves which type of RBCs
Affects old RBCs
45
Microscopic examination in case of P. Vivax
Schuffner dots
46
Microscopic examination finding in case of P. falciperum
Maurer's cleft
47
Microscopic examination finding in case of P. Malariae
Zeimann's dots
48
Microscopic examination finding in case of P. Ovale
James dots
49
Shape of Early and developing trophozoites seen in P vivax
Ring form (Early trophozoites) - One ring, one dot Developing Trophozoites - Amoeboid form
50
Micro gametocytes and Macro Gametocytes shape in case of P. Vivax
Micro gametocytes(Males) - Oval, central chromatin Macro Gametocytes (Females) - oval, eccentric chromatin
51
Shape of Early and late trophozoites in case of P. Falciperum
Ring form(Early trophozoites) - multiple rings nd multiple dots Developing Trophozoites - Accole/applique form(Margination of ring)
52
Shape of Micro gametocytes and Macro Gametocytes in case of P. Falciperum
Banana shaped Micro gametocytes (Males) - Chromatin Spread out, broad ends Macro Gametocytes (Females) - Pointer ends, Chromatin organised
53
Fluorescent microscopy and dye used in case of Malaria
Kawamoto technique Fluorescent dye - acridine dye
54
QBC (Quantitative buffy coat) analysis procedure in malaria
Blood - On centrifugation - Plasma at top, WBC and platelets - Buffy coat RBC - at bottom
55
Beforehand fluorescent dye used in case of QBC Analysis
Already coated with Acridine Orange - organism shine out on microscope
56
Most sensitive test for Malaria
PCR
57
RDT (Rapid Diagnostic test) Principle
Card test Immunochromatographic testing Sensitivity - 500 to 100 parasites/microlitre
58
All malaria species have which antigen
Aldolase and LDH antigen
59
Which antigen is only present in P. Falciperum
HRP-2 (Histidine rich protein 2)
60
Pigment seen in malaria
Yellow brown (Hemazoin)
61
Babesia Features
Intraerythrocytic protozoa No Hemazoin pigment
62
Microscopic finding seen in case of Babesia
Maltese cross appearance - tetrad of rings
63
Definitive host in case of Babesia
Hard ixodic tick
64
Intermediate host in case of Babesia
Rodent/Mammal
65
Accidental host seen in case of Babesia
Human
66
Clinical features in case of Babesia
Fever Malaise Chills Sweating
67
Treatment of Babesia
Azithromycin + Atovaquone For severe cases (>10% parasitemia) - Clindamycin + Quinine
68
Host in case of Babesia microti and Babesia Divergens
B. Microti - Rodent B. Divergens - Cattle
69
Which produces severe clinical features - B. Microti or Divergens
Babesia Divergens
70
Maltese cross appearance seen in
Babesia Lipid urine (Nephrotic) Fabry disease (urine) Cryptococcus (CSF)

Microbiology (37 decks)

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