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Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes AKA

A

Cestodes - Tapeworm
Trematodes - Flukes
Nematodes - worms

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2
Q

Which helminths have body cavity and Alimentary canal

A

Nematodes

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3
Q

Which helminth have segmentation

A

Cestodes

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4
Q

Sexes of Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes

A

Cestodes and Trematodes - Hermaphrodites
Nematodes - Dioceous (males and females separate)

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5
Q

Sexual reproduction happens in which type of host

A

Definitive host

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6
Q

Asexual reproduction happens in which type of host

A

Intermediate host

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7
Q

In parasitemic host

A

Larval stage survives
No development
Only transmission

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8
Q

Man is intermediate host in which parasitemic infections

A

BEST TOP
Babesia
Echinococcus
Sarcocystis
Taenia solium
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium

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9
Q

Types of host in parasitic infections

A

Definitive host
Intermediate host
Parasitemic host
Accidental host/dead end host

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10
Q

Types of Biological vectors

A

Propagative
Cyclopropagative
Cyclodevelopmental

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11
Q

Propagative biological vectors features and example

A

Replication + , No development
Ex - Yersinia in rat flea

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12
Q

Cyclopropagative Biological vectors feature and Example

A

Replication + , Development +
Ex. Plasmodium, Babesia

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13
Q

Cyclodevelopmental Biological vectors feature and Examples

A

No Replication, Development +
Ex - Wucheraria, Leishmania, Trypanosoma

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14
Q

Microscopic methods used for Stool sample processing

A

Saline mount
I2 mount (Trophozoites are immobilized)

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15
Q

Concentration technique methods

A

Saturation salt floatation technique
Formol ether Sedimentation technique

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16
Q

Cestodes features and AKA

A

Segmented
AKA Tapeworm

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17
Q

Cestodes includes which organisms

A

Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis Diminuta
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus

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18
Q

No. Of Suckers in Cestodes species

A

All have 4 suckers except Diphyllobothrium latum - 2 suctorial grooves or bothria (No suckers)

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19
Q

Which Cestodes species don’t have hooks

A

TaTaTa
T. Saginta
H. Diminuta
Diphyllobothrium lata

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20
Q

No. of Hooks in T. Solium

A

2 rows of hooks

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21
Q

No. Of hooks in H. Nana

A

Single row of 20-30 hooks

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22
Q

No. Of hooks in Echinococcus granulosus

A

2 rows of hooks

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23
Q

Examples of Intestinal Cestodes

A

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
H. Nana
D. Latum

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24
Q

Examples of somatic cestodes

A

Echinococcus
T. Solium
T. Multiceps
Spirometra

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25
Q

Which is the smallest tapeworm

A

H. Nana

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26
Q

Which is the longest Tapeworm

A

D Latum

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27
Q

Definitive host in case of Cestodes

A

Man in all except Echinococcus - dog

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28
Q

All cestodes needs how many hosts and exceptions

A

All need 2 hosts except
H. Nana - single host (Human)
D. Latum - 3 host

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29
Q

Eggs seen in case of Cestodes

A

Operculated egg - have lid on top
Hexacanth embryo (6 hooklets)

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30
Q

Operculated eggs are seen in

A

STD
Spirometra
Trematodes except Schistosoma
D. Latum

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31
Q

H. Nana features

A

Smallest
Single host
Single row hooklets
M/C Cestodes infection

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32
Q

D. Latum features

A

Longest
3 host
Leaf shape
No suckers (2 grooves), no hooks

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33
Q

Definitive, 1st and 2nd intermediate host in case of D Latum

A

Definitive - Human
1st intermediate - Cyclops
2nd intermediate - Fish

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34
Q

Larval stages in D. Latum

A

CPP
L1 - Coracidium
L2 - Procercoid
L3 - Plerocercoid

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35
Q

Infective form in case of D. Latum

A

Plerocercoid

36
Q

Human gets infected with D. Latum by eating

A

Raw or undercooked infected fish

37
Q

Clinical features of D Latum infection

A

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Anemia - Bothriocephalus anemia (B12 deficiency)

38
Q

Eggs seen in case of D. Latum

A

Operculated eggs - Lid +

39
Q

Treatment of D. Latum infection

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

Hooks and suckers in T. Saginata and T. Solium

A

T. Saginata - 4 suckers, no hooks
T. Solium - 4 suckers, 2 rows of hooklets

41
Q

Length of T. Saginata and T. Solium

A

T. Saginata - 5 to 10m
T. Solium - 2 to 3m

42
Q

Scolex in T. Saginata

A

Large quadrate
Rostellum and hooks are absent
Suckers may be pigmented

43
Q

Scolex in T. Solium

A

Small and globular
Rostellum and hooks are present
Suckers not pigmented

44
Q

No. Of proglottids in case of T. Saginata and T. Solium

A

T. Saginata - 1000 to 2000
T. Solium - Below 1000

45
Q

Uterus in T. Saginata

A

Lateral branches - 15 to 30 on each side, thin and dichotomous

46
Q

Uterus in T. Solium

A

Lateral branches, 5 to 10 on each side, Thick and dendritic

47
Q

Vagina is present in T. Saginata or Solium

A

Present in T. Saginata

48
Q

Definitive and intermediate host in T. Saginata

A

Definitive - human
Intermediate - Cattle

49
Q

Definitive and intermediate host in T. solium

A

Definitive - human
Intermediate - Pigs

50
Q

Larva seen in T. Saginata

A

Cysticercous bovis - present in cow not in man

51
Q

Larva in T. Solium

A

Cysticercous Cellulosae - present in both pig and human

52
Q

Which one’s egg is infective to human - T. Saginata or solium

53
Q

Infection caused by T Saginata

A

Intestinal infection

54
Q

Infection caused by T solium

A

Intestinal infection + Cysticercosis

55
Q

Cysticercosis is caused due to

A

Eggs of taenia solium

56
Q

In Cysticercosis eggs penetrate which organs and most commonly affected organs

A

Eggs - penetrate GIT - organs
CNS > muscle > Eye

57
Q

Most common site affected and M/C presentation in Neurocysticercosis

A

M/C site - Brain Parenchyma
M/C presentation - Seizures

58
Q

Others sites affected in Neurocysticercosis and Clinical features

A

Intraventricular - Hydrocephalus
Subarachnoid space - Meningitis

59
Q

Lab diagnosis finding in case Of T Saginata

A

Stool examination - eggs - Hexacanth embryo (6 hooklets)
Concentration methods like formal ether Sedimentation technique

60
Q

Cysticercosis diagnosis

A

Biopsy
X ray - s/c tissue/muscle
CT - Calcified cyst
ELISA

61
Q

Treatment of T. Solium and Saginata infections

A

Praziquantel

62
Q

Hosts in T. Multiceps

A

Definitive - Dog
Intermediate - Sheep
Dead end - Man

63
Q

Taenia saginata asiatica features

A

Same as T. Saginata except intermediate host - pig (not cow)

64
Q

Echinococcus granulosus AKA

A

Dog tapeworm

65
Q

Suckers and rows in Echinococcus granulosus

A

4 suckers
2 rows of hooklets

66
Q

Hosts in Echinococcus granulosus

A

Definitive - Dog, wolf
Intermediate - Sheep, horse
Accidental - man

67
Q

Echinococcus granulosus causes

A

Hydatid cyst - multiple pearly white cysts

68
Q

Hydatid cyst fluid features

A

pH - 6.7
Salts
Antigenic - anaphylaxis (FNAC C/I)

69
Q

Layers of Hydatid cyst

A

Pericyst - Host derived (inflam. Cells)
Ectocyst - Paint Brush Appearance
Endocyst - broad capsule

70
Q

Hooklets of hydatid cyst is +ve for which stain

71
Q

M/C and 2nd M/C site of Hydatid cyst

A

M/C - Liver (Right side) - Hepatosplenomegaly, Portal HTN
2nd M/C site - Lungs (Cough, chest pain)
Others

72
Q

Sign seen on imaging in case of Hydatid cyst

A

Water lily sign

73
Q

Cyst fluid examination in Hydatid cyst

A

Presence of hooklets (acid fast) - ZN stain +ve

74
Q

New diagnosis method used in case of Hydatid cyst

A

Arc5 immunoelectrophoresis

75
Q

Treatment of Hydatid cyst

A

PAIR
Puncture
Aspirate
Injection - 95% Ethanol (scolicidal agent)
Reaspirate

76
Q

Echinococcus Multilocularis AKA and clinical Presentation and sites involved

A

AKA Alveolar hydatid cyst - multiple locules
M/C site - Liver
2nd M/C - Lungs

77
Q

Hosts in Echinococcus Multilocularis

A

Definitive - Dog,wolf
Intermediate - Rodents
Accidental - Human

78
Q

Hymenolepis Nana AKA

A

Dwarf tapeworm

79
Q

Most common cestodes infection

80
Q

Host in H. Nana

A

Single host - humans only

81
Q

Hooks and suckers in H Nana

A

4 suckers
Single row of hooklets

82
Q

Clinical features of H. Nana infection

A

Abdominal pain
Nausea, vomiting

83
Q

Treatment of H Nana

A

Praziquantel

84
Q

H. Diminuta AKA

A

Rat Tapeworm

85
Q

Hosts in case of H. Diminuta

A

2 host - Human and rat

Microbiology (37 decks)

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