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Microbiology > Bacterial genetics > Flashcards

Bacterial genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA nucleotides

A

2 Purines (AG)
2 Pyrimidine (CT)

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2
Q

DNA nucleotides held by which bond

A

Hydrogen

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3
Q

RNA Nucleotides

A

2 Purines (AG)
2 Pyrimidine (CU)

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4
Q

Types of Mutation

A

Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation

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5
Q

Classification of Point Mutation

A

Transition - Purine replaced by purine or Pyrimidine replaced by Pyrimidine
Transversion - Purine replaced by Pyrimidine or vice versa

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6
Q

Types of Point Mutation

A

Silence Mutation
Missense Mutation eg SCA
Non-sense Mutation Eg Beta Thalassemia

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7
Q

Frameshift Mutation means

A

Shift in frame
Deletion of nucleotides or addition of nucleotide

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8
Q

Methods of Gene transfer in Bacteria

A

Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation

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9
Q

Who first identified Transformation method

A

Griffith

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10
Q

Transformation method is finally rediscovered by

A

Avery, McLeod and McCarty

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11
Q

How bacteria transfers gene by Transformation method

A

Transfer of free DNA
uptake of soluble DNA fragments by bacteria

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12
Q

Mediator in Transduction process

A

Bacteriophage

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13
Q

Transduction process is first demonstrated in which organism

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Transduction is most common method of drug resistance in which organism

A

S. Aureus

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15
Q

Bacteriophage cycle

A

Lytic cycle - break and come out
Lysogenic cycle - combined with bacteria

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16
Q

Types of Bacteriophage

A

Virulent phage - Follow only lytic cycles
Eg T1,T2 phage of Ecoli
Temperate Phage - Follow both lytic and Lysogenic cycle
Eg Lambda phage of Cycle

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17
Q

Types of Transduction

A

Specialised Transduction
Generalized Transduction

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18
Q

Cycle followed in Generalized Transduction

A

Lytic cycle

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19
Q

Cycle followed in Specialized Transduction

A

Lysogenic cycle

20
Q

Generalized Transduction occurs due to

A

Mispackaging

21
Q

Specialised Transduction occurs due to

A

Defective excision during induction of a prophage

22
Q

Generalized Transduction is mediated by which bacteriophage

A

Virulent or temperate phage

23
Q

Specialised Transduction is mediated by which phage

A

Temperate Phage only

24
Q

Conjugation method is first demonstrated by

A

Leduberg and Tatum in Ecoli

25
Q

Most common mode of MDR is done by which method

A

Conjugation

26
Q

M/C. Bacterial resistance in which method

A

Conjugation Except
S Aureus - Transduction
S. Pneumoniae - Transformation

27
Q

Plasmid means

A

Extrachromosomal circular dsDNA

28
Q

When plasmid combines with Host cell DNA, termed as

A

Episone

29
Q

Types of Plasmid

A

Virulence Plasmid
Fertility Plasmid
Resistance Plasmids
Col Plasmids - code for Bacteriocin

30
Q

Types of Plasmid based on Transfer

A

Conjugate Plasmid
Non Conjugate Plasmid

31
Q

Conjugate Plasmid is

A

Transferred vertically as well as Horizontally

32
Q

Non Conjugative Plasmid

A

Only transferred Vertically (Bacteria to offspring)

33
Q

F Plasmid

A

Fertility factor
F+ Male
F- Female

34
Q

Hfr means

A

DNA and Plasmid combined with each other

35
Q

F’ MEANS

A

Plasmid separated along with DNA

36
Q

F+ X F-

A

F+F+

37
Q

F+ X F-

A

F+F+

38
Q

Hfr X F-

A

F-

39
Q

F’ x F-

A

F’F’

40
Q

Types of Drug Resistance

A

Transferrable Drug Resistance
Mutational Drug resistance

41
Q

Which type of drug resistance is more dangerous

A

Transferrable Drug resistance - Difficult to treat

42
Q

Mutational Drug resistance

A

Due to single mutation
Easier to treat

43
Q

Restriction endonuclease are produced by bacteria for

A

Defense against foreign bacteria

44
Q

Cofactor of Restriction endonuclease

A

Mg+2

45
Q

Bacteria protects it own genome from Restriction endonuclease by

A

Methylation

46
Q

CRISPR-CAS9 is

A

Bacterial defense against virus infection

47
Q

CRISPR-CAS9 Full form

A

Clustered Regularly Interspaces short Palindromic repeats

Microbiology (37 decks)

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