Parasitology - Classification And Amoeba

Question 1

Types of Amoeba

Answer 1

Intestinal
Free living

Question 2

Examples of intestinal Amoeba

Answer 2

E. Histolytica
E. Coli

Question 3

Examples of Free living Amoeba

Answer 3

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba

Question 4

Example of Ciliated Parasites

Answer 4

Bolantidium Coli

Question 5

Example of Flagellated Parasites

Answer 5

Intestine - Giardia lamblia
Genital - Trichomonas vaginalis
Blood and tissue - Leishmania, Trypanosoma

Question 6

Examples of Sporozoan parasites

Answer 6

Malaria, Babesia
Toxoplasma, Coccidian parasites

Question 7

Stages of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 7

3 stages
Trophozoite
Pre-cyst
Cyst - Infective stage

Question 8

Host in case of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 8

Humans

Question 9

Infective form in case of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 9

Quadrinucleated cyst

Question 10

Infective dose of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 10

Small infectivity dose - less than 100 cysts

Question 11

Entamoeba histolytica cysts can survive in

Answer 11

Chlorination of water

Question 12

Mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 12

Feco oral (MC)
Rarely homosexual

Question 13

Which organisms needs Small infectivity dose

Answer 13

CHHOTA SMALL
C - Cryptosporidium
H - E. Histolytica
H - eHec
S - Shigella
Giardia lamblia

Question 14

Virulence factor in case of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 14

Gal/Gal NAC lectin antigen

Question 15

Enzymes involved in Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 15

Metallo- collagenase
Neuraminidase

Question 16

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 16

Ingestion of mature cyst (Feco oral) - Excystation in Small intestine - Formation of 8 trophozoites - Encystation in large intestine - Cyst formation - Cysts nd trophozoites passed in feces - In environment cyst survives - again ingestion

Question 17

Organs affected in Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 17

Intestine - Travellers diarrhea

Question 18

Ulcer seen in intestine due to Entamoeba histolytica infection

Answer 18

Flask shaped ulcer - Inside flask - Trophozoites + which engulfed the RBCs (Erythrophagocytosis)

Question 19

Clinical features of Entamoeba histolytica infection

Answer 19

Asymptomatic intraluminal amoebiasis (M/C)
Amoebic colitis - bloody diarrhea

Question 20

Complications of Entamoeba infection

Answer 20

Appendicitis
Perforation
Peritonitis

Question 21

Most common extraintestinal organ involved in Entamoeba infection

Answer 21

Liver - Right lobe (Post superior surface of liver) - leading to Amoebic liver abscess

Question 22

Gross finding in case of Amoebic liver abscess

Answer 22

Anchory sauce appearance

Question 23

Microscopic examination finding in Amoebic liver abscess

Answer 23

Trophozoites in pus

Question 24

Ameboma/Amoebic granuloma involves which region

Answer 24

Chronic condition
Rectosigmoid region

Question 25

Trogocytosis means

Answer 25

Attachment of Gal/Gal NAC Lectin - killing/Nibbling of cell

Question 26

Sample taken for diagnosis of Entamoeba

Answer 26

2 stool samples (consecutive days) - intermittent shedding

Question 27

Finding of stool samples in Entamoeba infection

Answer 27

Trophozoites in stool - Active disease Only cyst in stool - Carrier state

Question 28

Trophozoites appearance in Entamoeba histolytica infection

Answer 28

Has pointed pseudopedia Nucleus - 1 (central karysome) - Cart wheel nucleus Shows Erythrophagocytosis

Question 29

Cyst seen in Entamoeba histolytica infection

Answer 29

Quadrinucleated cyst (1-4 nuclei) Chromatid body/bar

Question 30

Composition and stain used to see Chromatid body/bar

Answer 30

Composition - Ribonucleoprotein Stain - iron hematoxylin

Question 31

Cyst in E. Coli

Answer 31

Cyst - nuclei 1-8, Thin Filamentous chromatoidal bar

Question 32

Trophozoites seen in E coli

Answer 32

Blunt pseudopodia Nucleus - 1 (Eccentric karyosome) No RBC engulfed

Question 33

Culture media used for diagnosis of Entamoeba infection

Answer 33

Polyxenic medium Axenic culture medium

Question 34

Polyxenic medium used for diagnosis of Entamoeba

Answer 34

Supplemented with bacteria (low parasite load) Nelson culture Balamuth medium Bocck and Dr Bohlar medium

Question 35

Axenic medium used for diagnosis of Entamoeba

Answer 35

Pure, no bacterial supplementation Diamond medium

Question 36

Miscellaneous stool M/E finding in Entamoeba infection

Answer 36

Charco Leydeu crystal - Composition - Galactin 10 from Eosinophils

Question 37

Treatment of Entamoeba infection

Answer 37

Metronidazole X 10 days Followed by luminal amoebicide Paramomycin (for asymptomatic carrier)

Question 38

Different type of Entamoeba species are differentiated on basis of

Answer 38

PCR Enzyme studies (Zymodene Studies)

Question 39

Free living Amoeba includes

Answer 39

Naegleria Acanthamoeba Balamuthia

Question 40

Human acquires Naegleria fowleri infection while

Answer 40

Swimming

Question 41

Naegleria fowleri entry site and causes which disease

Answer 41

Enters via cribriform plate - reaches brain - cause PAM(Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis)

Question 42

Trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri shows

Answer 42

Flagella

Question 43

Trophozoites in Acanthamoeba shows

Answer 43

Spinous Acanthopodia

Question 44

Disease caused by Acanthamoeba

Answer 44

Granulomatous Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (GAM)

Question 45

Most common Risk factor in case of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

Answer 45

N. Fowleri - Swimming Acanthamoeba - Immunodeficiency

Question 46

Infective forms of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

Answer 46

N. Fowleri - Trophozoite Acanthamoeba - Trophozoite (spikes) and Cyst (wrinkled outer wall)

Question 47

Clinical course of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba infection

Answer 47

N. Fowleri - Acute (Fatal <5 days) Acanthamoeba - chronic

Question 48

Spread of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

Answer 48

N. Fowleri - Neural Acanthamoeba - Blood

Question 49

Diagnosis of N. Fowleri

Answer 49

CSF - Trophozoite Increased polymorphs

Question 50

Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba

Answer 50

On Brain Biopsy - Trophozoites and Cysts

Question 51

Culture used for Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

Answer 51

Non nutrient agar (NNA) with lawn culture of E coli

Question 52

Culture used for Naegleria fowleri

Answer 52

Non nutrient agar (NNA) with lawn culture of E coli

Question 53

Gold standard method of diagnosis for N. Fowleri and Acanthamoeba

Answer 53

NAAT

Question 54

Treatment of N. Fowleri infection

Answer 54

Amphotericin B

Question 55

Treatment of Acanthamoeba

Answer 55

Pentamidine + Azole + Sulfonamide + Flucytosine

Question 56

Balamuthia Mandullaris causes

Answer 56

Granulomatous Amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Question 57

Infective form of Balamuthia Mandullaris

Answer 57

Trophozoites - fish shaped Cyst - smooth

Question 58

Balamuthia Mandullaris can infect which type of patients

Answer 58

Can occur in both immunocompromised and Immunocompetent individuals

Question 59

Acanthamoeba can also cause which eye related complication

Answer 59

Contact lens keratitis

Question 60

Which is only Ciliated Parasite of humans

Answer 60

Balantidium coli

Question 61

Which is the largest protozoa invading human intestine

Answer 61

Balantidium coli

Question 62

Infective form for Balantidium coli

Answer 62

Cyst

Question 63

Nucleus in case of Balantidium coli

Answer 63

Both trophozoites and cyst have binucleated - macro and micronucleus

Question 64

Motility shown by Balantidium coli

Answer 64

Rotating motility

Question 65

Reservoir in case of Balantidium coli

Answer 65

Pig

Question 66

Treatment of Balantidium coli infection

Answer 66

Doxycycline