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Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms who are poorly Gram stained / do not stain with Gram stain

A

MRCS
Mycoplasma
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Spirochetes

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2
Q

Spirochetes includes

A

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira

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3
Q

Treponema shape and Motility

A

Very tight coils
Corkscrew motility

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4
Q

Shape of Borrelia

A

Loose coils

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5
Q

Leptospira shape

A

Hooked ends
Motile

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6
Q

Which organisms have Endoflagella

A

Spirochetes - in Periplasmic space

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7
Q

Classification of Treponema

A

STD
Non-STD

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8
Q

STD Treponema includes

A

Treponema Pallidum

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9
Q

Non STD Treponema includes

A

T. Endemicum
T. Pertenue
T. Carateum

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10
Q

T. Endemicum causes

A

Endemic Syphilis

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11
Q

Treponema Pallidum causes

A

Venereal Syphilis

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12
Q

T. Pertenue causes

A

Yaws

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13
Q

Transmission of Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and Pinta - Skin to skin
Endemic Syphilis - Kissing

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14
Q

T. Carateum Causes

A

Pinta

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15
Q

Age group affected in Yaws, endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and endemic Syphilis - Early childhood
Pinta - Late childhood

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16
Q

Features of Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws - Ulcerative papilloma
Endemic - Rare
Pinta - Non ulcerative papule

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17
Q

Sites affected in Yaws, endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and Pinta - Extremities
Endemic - Oral

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18
Q

Relapses in Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws - Common
Endemic - Uncommon
Pinta - No relapse

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19
Q

Incubation period of Treponema Pallidum infection

A

9-90 days

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20
Q

Stages of Venereal Syphilis

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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21
Q

Clinical features of Primary Syphilis

A

Hard chancre/Hunterian chancre( extremely indurated) - heals in 10-40 days (leaves scar or can progress to secondary syphilis)
Painless genital ulcer
Avascular and covered with thick glary exudate
Also Painless inguinal LN

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22
Q

Secondary syphilis occurs after how much time of Primary Syphilis

A

Occurs after 1-3 months of Primary Syphilis

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23
Q

Clinical features of Secondary Syphilis

A

Condylomata lata at mucocutaneous junction
Papular skin rashes on Palms and soles

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24
Q

Latent syphilis means

A

Spontaneous cure
Serology +ve
Clinical features absent

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25
Tertiary Syphilis is divided into
Benign tertiary Syphilis Cardiovascular Syphilis Neurosyphilis
26
Clinical and Microscopic finding of Benign tertiary Syphilis
Gummas (Bone, skin) M/E - Granuloma (abundant plasma cells)
27
Clinical features of Cardiovascular Syphilis
Obliterative Endarteritis of vasa vasorum Ascending aorta and arch of aorta Aneurysms Aortic valve
28
Clinical features of Neurosyphilis
Aseptic meningitis Tabes dorsalis (Post column) General paresis
29
Non venereal Syphilis can be seen in
Healthcare workers - primary chancre at extra genital sites Blood Transfusion patients - no primary chancre
30
Congenital syphilis is transmitted and may manifest lately as
Transplacental May manifest late as Osteoperiostitis (in children)
31
Specimen needed for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum infection
Genital ulcers Blood CSF
32
Which Microscope is used to see Treponema Pallidum
Dark Field Microscope - thin organism
33
Movement shown by Treponema Pallidum
Forward and backward movement Bending at right angles (90°)
34
Which Silver impregnation Method used to see solid tissue/films of Treponema Pallidum
Fontana's method
35
Which Silver impregnation Method used to see liquid sample of Treponema Pallidum
Levaditi's method
36
Non specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum
Wassermann test (Complement fixation technique) Kahn test (tube precipitation test) VDRL (Venereal disease research lab) RPR (Rapid plasma Reagin)
37
Specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum
FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption) TPI ( T. Pallidum immobilization) TPHA ( T. Pallidum Hemagglutination assay) TPPA (T. Pallidum Particulate Assay)
38
Antigen used in VDRL test
Cardiolipin antigen
39
VDRL Procedure
Heat inactivated serum + Cardiolipin antigen - mixed on slide - Rotated - On microscopy : Clumps
40
Best test to assess prognosis of Syphilis
VDRL
41
VDRL - False Positive seen in
V - Viral infections (Infectious mononucleosis) D - Drugs (Procainamide) R - Rheumatic fever L - Lumps L - Leprosy False Positive - First trimester Positive - of Pregnancy ( Early pregnancy)
42
Investigation of Choice in case of Neurosyphilis
VDRL
43
In VDRL antigen to be used within
24 hrs (Cardiolipin)
44
Most sensitive specific Serological test for Treponema Pallidum
FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption)
45
Most specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum
TPI >> TPPA
46
Most Sensitive Serological Methods in case of Congenital Syphilis
VDRL >> FTA-ABS
47
Drug of choice Primary, Secondary and latent stage of Syphilis
Benzathine Penicillin
48
Antibiotics used in case of Neurosyphilis
Pencillin G
49
Borrelia includes which organisms
B. Burdorgferi B. Recurrentis B. Vincenti
50
Motility shown by Borrelia species
Lashing motility - loose spirals
51
B. Burdorgferi causes
Lymes disease
52
Borrelia recurrentis is known to cause
Relapsing fever
53
Borrelia Vincenti is known to cause
Vincent's angina
54
Most common vector borne infection in USA
Lyme disease
55
Lyme disease is transmitted by
Bite of Ixodid ticks (Hard ticks)
56
Incubation period of Lymes disease
3-30 days
57
Clinical features of Lymes disease are classified into
Localized infection Disseminated infection Persistent infection
58
Clinical features seen in localized infection of Lyme's disease
Annular/Bulls eye or target rash (Erythema chronicum migrans)
59
Clinical features of Disseminated infection of Lyme's disease
Satellite skin lesions smaller than ECM CVS - Av block, Myocarditis CNS - Facial nerve palsy Joints
60
Persistent infection of Lyme's disease can leads to
Lyme arthritis
61
Complications of Lyme's disease
Bannwarth's Syndrome (meningeal involvement) - Painful Radiculoneuritis
62
Stain used for diagnosis of Lyme's disease
Warthin Stary silver stain (WSSS)
63
Relapsing fever is classified into
Epidemic louse borne Relapsing fever Endemic tick borne Relapsing fever
64
Epidemic louse borne Relapsing fever is caused by
Borrelia recurrentis - Lice crashed on abraded skin
65
Endemic tick borne Relapsing fever is caused by
Borrelia duttoni - tick bite
66
Incubation period of Relapsing fever and fever pattern
2-10 days Fever (3-5 days) - abundant organisms in blood Afebrile for 4-10 days - No organism in blood Relapsing fever - 3 to 10 relapses (organism reappears)
67
Microscopy used to see Borrelia species
Dark Field Microscope
68
Stain used for diagnosis of Relapsing fever
Giemsa/Leishman stain
69
Treatment of Relapsing fever
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol No vaccine
70
Clinical features of Vincent's angina
Ulcerative gingivostomatitis or oropharyngitis
71
Microscopy used for Diagnosis of Vincent's angina
Dark Field Microscope
72
Fusospirochetosis includes
Symbiotic infection Fusobacterium fusiform + B. Vincentii
73
Leptospira causes
Weil's disease (Ictero hemorrhagic fever) AKA Hepato renal Syndrome
74
Pathogenesisof Leptospira
Zoonotic disease Rat urine - Contaminated Rainy water - associated with Rice/Paddy field workers
75
Stages of Weil's disease/ Ictero hemorrhagic fever
First stage/Septicemic phase Second stage/Immune phase
76
Duration of Septicemic phase and immune phase in Weil's disease
Septicemic - 3 to 10 days Immune phase - 10 to 30 days
77
Clinical features of Weil's disease (both phases)
High grade fever Jaundice Raised liver enzymes Hemorrhage - Pulmonary, Skin, conjunctival Renal - Raised creatinine
78
Sample taken in case of Septicemic phase and Immune phase of Weil's disease
Septicemic phase - Blood, CSF Immune phase - Urine
79
Serology findings IgM in Septicemic phase and immune phase in Weils disease
Septicemic phase - Igm absent Immune phase - IgM present
80
Antibiotics used in Septicemic phase and immune phase of Weils disease
Septicemic phase - Doxycycline Immune phase - Refractory Penicillin
81
Microscopy used and M/E findings in Leptospira infection
Dark field Microscopy - Hooked end
82
Culture media used in case of Leptospira infection
EMJH - Dingers ring Fletcher Korthoff
83
Serological examination done in Leptospira infection
Microscopic Agglutination test (MAT)
84
SAT MAT CAT
Brucella Leptospira Mycoplasma

Microbiology (37 decks)

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