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Scientists And Stains Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed Liquid Media

A

Louis Pasteur

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2
Q

Who is the Father of Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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3
Q

Fermentation Principle and Autoclave is discovered by

A

Louis Pasteur

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4
Q

Vaccines developed by Louis Pasteur

A

C - Cholera
A - Anthrax
R - Rabies

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5
Q

Theories given by Louis Pasteur

A

Theory of Abiogenesis - disapproved
Germ Cell Theory

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6
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Microbiology

A

Robert Koch

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7
Q

Who discovered Solid culture media

A

Robert Koch

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8
Q

Who discovered Cholera Organism

A

Robert Koch

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9
Q

Aniline dye and Hanging drop motility test is discovered by

A

Robert Koch

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10
Q

Koch Postulates

A

1)Constant association of causative organism with disease
2)Isolation in culture media possible
3)Culture growth inoculated in animal should produce same lesion
4)Reisolation from experimental animal is possible
5)Antigen of organism should be able to produce Antibody in serum

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11
Q

Exceptions of Koch Postulates

A

L - Mycobacterium Leprae
P - Treponema Pallidum
G - Gonococci

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12
Q

Who is the Father of Chemotherapy

A

Paul Ehrlich

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13
Q

Acid fast stain is first discovered by

A

Paul Ehrlich

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14
Q

Paul Ehrlich got Nobel Prize for

A

Toxin - Antitoxin standardisation

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15
Q

Who is the father of Light Microscopy

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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16
Q

First thing visualized on Light Microscopy by Anton Von Leeuwenhoek is known as

A

Animal Cules

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17
Q

Who is the father of Antiseptic surgery

A

Joseph Lister - First used Carbolic acid

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18
Q

Who discovered Compound Microscope

A

Jansen Duo

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19
Q

Father of Electron Microscopy

A

Ernst Ruska

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20
Q

First vaccine is produced by

A

Edward Jenner - Smallpox vaccine (prepared by using cowpox)

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21
Q

Gram Staining is discovered by

A

HC Gram

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22
Q

PCR is discovered by

A

Karry B Mullis

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23
Q

L-Forms or cell wall deficient is discovered by

A

Klienberger

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24
Q

Types of Fixation while staining

A

Heat Fixation
Chemical Fixation - Methanol

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25
Q

Examples of Simple stain

A

1 color
Methylene blue (Blue)
Basic Fuchsin (Red)

26
Q

Which structures got highlighted in Negative stains

A

Background stains and
Bacteria and Capsule got highlighted

27
Q

Examples of negative Stain

A

India ink
Nigrosin

28
Q

For which organism Negative stains are commonly used

A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

29
Q

Impregnation stain Principle

A

Deposit stain on surface of object to make it look thicker

30
Q

Impregnation stains are used for

A

Thin structures like
Flagella
Spirochetes - Silver stains

31
Q

Silver stain used for Fluid specimens

A

Fontana stain

32
Q

Silver stain used for Tissue samples

A

Levaditi’s Stain

33
Q

Types of Differential Stains

A

Gram Stain
Acid Fast stain
Albert Stain

34
Q

Gram Staining Sequence

A

COME IN AND STAIN
COME - Crystal Violet (Both Gram +ve and -ve are Purple
IN - Iodine (Mordant)
AND - Alcohol/Acetone - Decolorizer (G +ve : Purple, Gram -ve : Colorless)
STAIN - Safranin Red ( Gram +ve - Purple, Gram -ve : Red/Pink)

35
Q

What is used as Mordant in Gram staining

36
Q

What is used as a decoloriser in Gram staining

A

Alcohol/Acetone

37
Q

Most crucial step in Gram staining

A

Step of Decolorisation

38
Q

Examples of Poorly Gram Staining Organisms

A

M - Mycoplasma
R - Ricketssia
C - Chlamydia
S - Spirochetes

39
Q

Steps of Acid fast/ZN Staining

A

CLASS HAS ASKED MNEMONIC
CLASS - Carbol Fuchsin (Red)
HAS - Heat (Mordant)
ASKED - Acid or Mixture of Alcohol (H2SO4) - decoloriser
MNEMONIC - Methylene Blue or Malachite green

40
Q

What will be used as Mordant in ZN Staining

41
Q

What is used a a decoloriser in Acid Fast/ZN Staining

42
Q

Color of organism and Background in ZN Staining

A

Organism - Red
Background - Blue

43
Q

Amount of H2SO4 to stain Myc. tuberculosis

44
Q

Amount of H2SO4 used to stain M. Leprae or Coccidian parasites

A

5% H2SO4 - Fite Forocco Stain

45
Q

Amount of H2SO4 used to stain Spores

A

0.25% to 0.5% H2SO4

46
Q

Examples of ZN stain Positive Organisms

A

My - Mycobacteria (Typical, Atypical, Leprae)
Nose - Nocardia, Legionella
IS - Isospora
Cold - Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium
Hot - Hooklet of Hyatid and Eggs of T. Saginata

47
Q

Modification of ZN stain is termed as

A

Kinyoun Stain/Gabbet Stain

48
Q

Difference between ZN stain and Kinyoun or Cold ZN Stain

A

Heating process is removed - increased Phenol concentration in Carbol Fuschin

49
Q

Kinyoun Stain or Cold ZN Staining is used for diagnosis of

A

Coccidian Parasites - Isospora, Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium

50
Q

Albert stain is used to identify

A

Volutin Granules

51
Q

Volutin Granules can be seen in

A

C. Diphtheria
Yersinia Pestis
M. Tb
Gardeneralla
Spirillum

52
Q

Types of solution used in Albert Stain

A

Albert Solution 1 - Toluidine Blue, Malachite green, Glacial acetic acid
Albert Solution 2 - Iodine

53
Q

Stains used to identify Volutin Granules

A

P - Pander’s Stain
L - Loeffler Methylene Blue ( Best)
A - Albert STAIN
N - Neisser Stain

54
Q

Stain used to identify Flagella

A

Leifson And Ryu stain

55
Q

Dye used for Leifson And Ryu stain

A

Basic Fuschin for flagella (Red)
Methylene Blue for cell (Blue background)

56
Q

What is used as Mordant in Leifson and Ryu stain

A

Tannic acid

57
Q

Stain used to identify Spores

A

Schaeffer and Fulton stain or Modified Ashby stain

58
Q

Dye used in Schaeffer and Fulton stain/Modified Ashby stain

A

MS SPORE
Malachite green
Safranin red

59
Q

Color of Bacteria and spores on Modified Ashby stain or Schaeffer and Fulton stain

A

Bacteria - Red (Safranin)
Spores - Green (Malachite green)

60
Q

Stain commonly used to identify Fungi

A

Methanamine Silver

Microbiology (37 decks)

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