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Microbiology > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes Classification as per habitat

A

Intestinal - Small and Large intestine
Somatic (different organs)

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2
Q

Nematodes affecting Small intestine

A

Round worn
Hookworm
Strongyloides

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3
Q

Nematodes affecting large intestine

A

LET
Trichuris
Enterobius

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4
Q

Example of Somatic Nematodes

A

La,la,lu
Filaria
Trichinella
Dracunculus

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5
Q

Classification of nematodes on basis of Eggs/Larvae

A

Viviparous
Oviparous
Ovoviviparous

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6
Q

Viviparous Nematodes

A

Directly lays down larvae
Ex - La La Lu
Filaria, Trichinella, Dracunculus

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7
Q

Oviparous Nematodes and Examples

A

Lays egg - later turns into larvae
Ex - laTER
Roundworm, Hookworm, Trichuris, Enterobius

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8
Q

Ovoviviparous Nematodes and Examples

A

Lay egg and it immediately hatch out into larvae
Example - Strongyloides

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9
Q

Most common helminthic infection in the world

A

Ascaris lumbricoides/Roundworm

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10
Q

Male and females shape in Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Females - longer
Males - curved post. End, Shorter

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11
Q

Infective form in case of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Egg/Embryonated egg

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12
Q

Route of transmission and location affected by Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Route - Oral
Location - Small intestine , Also lung stage +

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13
Q

IP in case of Ascaris lumbricoides infection

A

60-75 days

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14
Q

Clinical features in case of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Malabsorption
Loeffler’s syndrome/Eosinophilic Pneumonitis

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15
Q

Difference between fertilized and unfertilized eggs in Ascaris lumbricoides sample

A

Fertilized egg - Thick albumin coat, Crescentric space +, Float in saturated salt solution
These things doesn’t seen in Unfertilized egg

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16
Q

Treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Albendazole

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17
Q

Visceral larva migrans/Ocular larva migrans means

A

infection caused by parasitic roundworms passed from animals to humans

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18
Q

Visceral larva migrans life cycle

A

Ingestion of Non human roundworms - Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva - Pass through LN and blood and reaches right side of heart but unable to pass through Pulmonary circulation - invades visceral organs

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19
Q

Trichuris Trichura AKA

A

Whipworm

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20
Q

Infective form in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Embryonated egg

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21
Q

Route of transmission and location affected in case of Trichuris Trichura/Whipworm

A

Route - Ingestion
Location - Large intestine
No lung stage

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22
Q

IP in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

70-90 days

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23
Q

Clinical features seen in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Dysentery - blood in stools - IDA
Recurrent Rectal prolapse

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24
Q

Endoscopy finding in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Often shows Adult worms attached to Bowel mucosa (Coconut cake reaction)

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25
Treatment of Trichuris Trichura
Albendazole
26
Enterobius vermicularis AKA
Pinworm or Threadworm
27
Location of Enterobius vermicularis
Vermiform appendix (extreme tip)
28
Male and female shape in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Fusiform shape Female - longer Male - Shorter, curved/coiled post end On Ant end - Presence of cervical alae
29
Infective stage in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Embryonated egg
30
Route and location affected in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Route - Oral Location - Large intestine, No lung stage
31
Autoinfection in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Perianal pruritis - scratch - deposit egg in Nails - leads to autoinfection (ingested again)
32
Retroinfection in case or Enterobius vermicularis
Larvae go back into intestine
33
IP and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis
IP - 35-45 days Treatment - Albendazole
34
Enterobius vermicularis lays egg where and at what time, C/F
At night, lays egg at perianal region - causes Perianal pruritus (Can spread to genital areas)
35
Sample collecting methods in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Collect eggs with help of NIH Swab Scotch tape method (Infants)
36
Shape of egg of Enterobius vermicularis
D shape - Planoconcave egg with tadpole larva
37
Finding on appendix biopsy in case of Enterobius vermicularis
Cervical alae seen
38
Ancylostoma AKA
Hookworm
39
Ancylostoma AKA
Hookworm
40
Ancylostoma Species seen in new world
Necator americanus
41
Ancylostoma species seen in Old world
Ancylostoma duodenale
42
Infective form in case of Ancylostoma
Filariform larvae
43
Route of transmission and location of Ancylostoma/Hookworm
Route - Penetration of skin Location - Small intestine Lung stage +
44
Route of transmission and location of Ancylostoma/Hookworm
Route - Penetration of skin Location - Small intestine Lung stage +
45
IP and treatment of Ancylostoma
IP - 40 to 100 days Treatment - Albendazole
46
IP and treatment of Ancylostoma
IP - 40 to 100 days Treatment - Albendazole
47
Clinical features in case of Ancylostoma
Ground itch Creeping eruption IDA (SI) Pulmonary symptoms
48
Clinical features in case of Ancylostoma
Ground itch Creeping eruption IDA (SI) Pulmonary symptoms
49
Diagnosis of Ancylostoma
Egg with blastomeres Unembryonated egg - Fresh stool
50
Chandeler index
Average no. Of hookworm eggs per gram of feces for the entire community
51
How much Chandler index is a public health problem
Above 300
52
Female and male shape in case of Ancylostoma
Female - Longer Male - Shorter, Capsulatory bursa + , Post end have umbrella like expansion
53
Eggs and Rhabditiform larva in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Both have same
54
Adult worm is larger in Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - larger Necator americanus - shorter
55
Which is more pathogenic - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - more pathogenic Necator americanus - less pathogenic (ground itch more severe)
56
Which is more pathogenic - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - more pathogenic Necator americanus - less pathogenic (ground itch more severe)
57
Head end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - 4 ventral teeth, 2 dorsal teeth (total 6) Necator americanus - 4 chitinous plates
58
Head end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - 4 ventral teeth, 2 dorsal teeth (total 6) Necator americanus - 4 chitinous plates
59
Tail end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale - Spicules free Necator americanus - two Spicules fused
60
Cutaneous Larva migrans caused by
Ancylostoma braziliense
61
Cause of visceral larva migrans and cutaneous Larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans - A/w roundworms Cutaneous larva migrans - a/w Hookworm
62
Infective stage in case of Visceral larva migrans and cutaneous Larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans - Embryonated eggs Cutaneous larva migrans - Filariform larva
63
Route of transmission of Visceral larva migrans and Cutaneous larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans - Ingestion Cutaneous larva migrans - Skin penetration
64
Route of transmission of Visceral larva migrans and Cutaneous larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans - Ingestion Cutaneous larva migrans - Skin penetration
65
Diagnosis in case of Visceral larva migrans
Toxocara specific antibody test PCR (most specific)
66
Diagnosis in case of Visceral larva migrans
Toxocara specific antibody test PCR (most specific)
67
Diagnosis in case of Cutaneous larva migrans
Physical exam of advancing serpingous track in skin
68
Treatment in case of Cutaneous larva migrans
Ivermectin
69
Treatment in case of Cutaneous larva migrans
Ivermectin
70
Smallest nematode known to cause human infection
Strongyloides stercoralis
71
Strongyloides Stercoralis Classified on basis of Eggs/larva
Ovoviviparous orgnaism - immediately releases larvae
72
Strongyloides Stercoralis Classified on basis of Eggs/larva
Ovoviviparous orgnaism - immediately releases larvae
73
Parthogenesis in Strongyloides Stercoralis
Single parent - female - eggs (by asexual)
74
Autoinfection In case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Rhabditiform larva - penetrates Intestine - Autoinfection
75
Direct cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
After excreting in stool - immediately Rhabditiform larva turns into Filariform larva - enters back inside
76
Direct cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
After excreting in stool - immediately Rhabditiform larva turns into Filariform larva - enters back inside
77
Indirect cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Excreted out - Rhabditiform larva - adultworms - gives Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva
78
Indirect cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Excreted out - Rhabditiform larva - adultworms - gives Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva
79
Infective form in case or Strongyloides Stercoralis
Filariform larva
80
Infective form in case or Strongyloides Stercoralis
Filariform larva
81
Route of transmission in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Skin/autoinfection
82
Route of transmission in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Skin/autoinfection
83
Location affected in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Small intestine Lung stage +
84
IP and Treatment in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
IP - 17 to 28 days Treatment - Ivermectin
85
IP and Treatment in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
IP - 17 to 28 days Treatment - Ivermectin
86
Diagnostic form in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Rhabditiform larva
87
Diagnostic form in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Rhabditiform larva
88
Identification of Rhabditiform larva
Double bulb esophagus Tapering end
89
Identification of Filariform larva in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Notched end
90
Identification of Filariform larva in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Notched end
91
Rhabditiform larva seen in Strongyloides Stercoralis
Stool sample
92
Filariform seen in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Hyperinfection and disseminated infection may show in sputum, stool and body fluids
93
Filariform seen in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Hyperinfection and disseminated infection may show in sputum, stool and body fluids
94
Clinical features of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Cutaneous larva currens Pulmonary Intestinal Can be associated with Hyperinfection syndrome (GIT, Lung - Severe) Disseminated infection (all over the body)
95
Clinical features of Strongyloides Stercoralis
Cutaneous larva currens Pulmonary Intestinal Can be associated with Hyperinfection syndrome (GIT, Lung - Severe) Disseminated infection (all over the body)
96
Trichinella spiral features of male and females
Females 2 times longer Claspers in male hold female during mating
97
Trichinella spiral features of male and females
Females 2 times longer Claspers in male hold female during mating
98
Host in case of Trichinella Spiralis
Pig
99
Alternative/dead end host in Trichinella Spiralis
Human
100
Alternative/dead end host in Trichinella Spiralis
Human
101
Infective form in Trichinella Spiralis
Encysted larva (in striated larvae)
102
Infective form in Trichinella Spiralis
Encysted larva (in striated larvae)
103
Lab diagnosis in case of Trichinella Spiralis
Muscle biopsy - near tendon insertion of deltoid Bachman intradermal test Xenodiagnosis (animal studies)
104
Lab diagnosis in case of Trichinella Spiralis
Muscle biopsy - near tendon insertion of deltoid Bachman intradermal test Xenodiagnosis (animal studies)
105
Treatment in case of Trichinella Spiralis
Albendazole
106
Treatment in case of Trichinella Spiralis
Albendazole
107
Dracunculus medinesis AKA
Guinea worm
108
Dracunculus medinesis AKA
Guinea worm
109
Dracunculus medinesis eradicated under which programme
National guinea worm eradication progamme - clean drinking water, Abate (Larvicide)
110
Dracunculus medinesis/Guinea worm associated with which type of water
A/w drinking dirty water
111
Dracunculus medinesis/Guinea worm associated with which type of water
A/w drinking dirty water
112
Definitive and intermediate host in case of Dracunculus medinesis
Definitive - Human Intermediate - Cyclops
113
Definitive host in case of Dracunculus medinesis
Human
114
Guinea adult worm resides in
Subcutaneous tissue - gravid female male s/c tunnel (Blisters) to discharge larvae on contact with water Larvae coming out from blister
115
Guinea adult worm resides in
Subcutaneous tissue - gravid female male s/c tunnel (Blisters) to discharge larvae on contact with water Larvae coming out from blister
116
Filarial Nematodes include which organisms
Wucheraria bancrofti Brugia Malayi Loa Loa Mansonella prestans Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus
117
Filarial Nematodes include which organisms
Wucheraria bancrofti Brugia Malayi Loa Loa Mansonella prestans Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus
118
Structure of Wucheraria bancrofti
Sheathed Nuclei do not extent to tip of tail
119
Wucheraria bancrofti Vector
Nocturnal Vector - Culex, anopheles, Aedes
120
Wucheraria bancrofti Vector
Nocturnal Vector - Culex, anopheles, Aedes
121
Brugia Malayi Structure
Sheathed 2 nuclei at tip of tail
122
Brugia Malayi Structure
Sheathed 2 nuclei at tip of tail
123
Brugia Malayi Vector
Nocturnal Vector - Mansonia
124
Brugia Malayi Vector
Nocturnal Vector - Mansonia
125
Loa loa structure
Sheathed Nuclei form Continous row in tip of tail
126
Loa loa structure
Sheathed Nuclei form Continous row in tip of tail
127
Brugia Timori Vector
Nocturnal Vector - Anopheles
128
Loa Loa vector
Diurnal Vector - Deer flies (Chrysops)
129
Mansonella Prestans Structure
Unsheathed Nuclei extend to tip of tail (persistent)
130
Mansonella Ozzardi Structure
Unsheathed Nuclei do not Extend to tip
131
Mansonella Ozzardi Structure
Unsheathed Nuclei do not Extend to tip
132
Mansonella vector
Non periodic Vector - Midges
133
Mansonella vector
Non periodic Vector - Midges
134
Onchocerca volvulus structure
Unsheathed Nuclei do not extend to tip
135
Onchocerca volvulus vector
Non periodic Vector - Blackflies
136
Onchocerca volvulus vector
Non periodic Vector - Blackflies
137
Sheathed Filarial Nematodes
Wucheraria bancrofti Brugia Malayi Loa loa
138
Sheathed Filarial Nematodes
Wucheraria bancrofti Brugia Malayi Loa loa
139
Unsheathed Filarial Nematodes
Mansonella prestans Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus
140
Unsheathed Filarial Nematodes
Mansonella prestans Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus
141
Definitive host in case of Filarial Nematodes
Man
142
Definitive host in case of Filarial Nematodes
Man

Microbiology (37 decks)

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