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Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes Classification as per habitat

A

Intestinal - Small and Large intestine
Somatic (different organs)

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2
Q

Nematodes affecting Small intestine

A

Round worn
Hookworm
Strongyloides

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3
Q

Nematodes affecting large intestine

A

LET
Trichuris
Enterobius

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4
Q

Example of Somatic Nematodes

A

La,la,lu
Filaria
Trichinella
Dracunculus

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5
Q

Classification of nematodes on basis of Eggs/Larvae

A

Viviparous
Oviparous
Ovoviviparous

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6
Q

Viviparous Nematodes

A

Directly lays down larvae
Ex - La La Lu
Filaria, Trichinella, Dracunculus

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7
Q

Oviparous Nematodes and Examples

A

Lays egg - later turns into larvae
Ex - laTER
Roundworm, Hookworm, Trichuris, Enterobius

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8
Q

Ovoviviparous Nematodes and Examples

A

Lay egg and it immediately hatch out into larvae
Example - Strongyloides

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9
Q

Most common helminthic infection in the world

A

Ascaris lumbricoides/Roundworm

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10
Q

Male and females shape in Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Females - longer
Males - curved post. End, Shorter

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11
Q

Infective form in case of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Egg/Embryonated egg

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12
Q

Route of transmission and location affected by Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Route - Oral
Location - Small intestine , Also lung stage +

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13
Q

IP in case of Ascaris lumbricoides infection

A

60-75 days

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14
Q

Clinical features in case of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Malabsorption
Loeffler’s syndrome/Eosinophilic Pneumonitis

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15
Q

Difference between fertilized and unfertilized eggs in Ascaris lumbricoides sample

A

Fertilized egg - Thick albumin coat, Crescentric space +, Float in saturated salt solution
These things doesn’t seen in Unfertilized egg

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16
Q

Treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Albendazole

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17
Q

Visceral larva migrans/Ocular larva migrans means

A

infection caused by parasitic roundworms passed from animals to humans

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18
Q

Visceral larva migrans life cycle

A

Ingestion of Non human roundworms - Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva - Pass through LN and blood and reaches right side of heart but unable to pass through Pulmonary circulation - invades visceral organs

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19
Q

Trichuris Trichura AKA

A

Whipworm

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20
Q

Infective form in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Embryonated egg

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21
Q

Route of transmission and location affected in case of Trichuris Trichura/Whipworm

A

Route - Ingestion
Location - Large intestine
No lung stage

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22
Q

IP in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

70-90 days

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23
Q

Clinical features seen in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Dysentery - blood in stools - IDA
Recurrent Rectal prolapse

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24
Q

Endoscopy finding in case of Trichuris Trichura

A

Often shows Adult worms attached to Bowel mucosa (Coconut cake reaction)

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25
Q

Treatment of Trichuris Trichura

A

Albendazole

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26
Q

Enterobius vermicularis AKA

A

Pinworm or Threadworm

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27
Q

Location of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Vermiform appendix (extreme tip)

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28
Q

Male and female shape in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Fusiform shape
Female - longer
Male - Shorter, curved/coiled post end
On Ant end - Presence of cervical alae

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29
Q

Infective stage in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Embryonated egg

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30
Q

Route and location affected in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Route - Oral
Location - Large intestine, No lung stage

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31
Q

Autoinfection in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Perianal pruritis - scratch - deposit egg in Nails - leads to autoinfection (ingested again)

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32
Q

Retroinfection in case or Enterobius vermicularis

A

Larvae go back into intestine

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33
Q

IP and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis

A

IP - 35-45 days
Treatment - Albendazole

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34
Q

Enterobius vermicularis lays egg where and at what time, C/F

A

At night, lays egg at perianal region - causes Perianal pruritus (Can spread to genital areas)

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35
Q

Sample collecting methods in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Collect eggs with help of NIH Swab
Scotch tape method (Infants)

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36
Q

Shape of egg of Enterobius vermicularis

A

D shape - Planoconcave egg with tadpole larva

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37
Q

Finding on appendix biopsy in case of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Cervical alae seen

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38
Q

Ancylostoma AKA

A

Hookworm

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39
Q

Ancylostoma AKA

A

Hookworm

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40
Q

Ancylostoma Species seen in new world

A

Necator americanus

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41
Q

Ancylostoma species seen in Old world

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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42
Q

Infective form in case of Ancylostoma

A

Filariform larvae

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43
Q

Route of transmission and location of Ancylostoma/Hookworm

A

Route - Penetration of skin
Location - Small intestine
Lung stage +

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44
Q

Route of transmission and location of Ancylostoma/Hookworm

A

Route - Penetration of skin
Location - Small intestine
Lung stage +

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45
Q

IP and treatment of Ancylostoma

A

IP - 40 to 100 days
Treatment - Albendazole

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46
Q

IP and treatment of Ancylostoma

A

IP - 40 to 100 days
Treatment - Albendazole

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47
Q

Clinical features in case of Ancylostoma

A

Ground itch
Creeping eruption
IDA (SI)
Pulmonary symptoms

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48
Q

Clinical features in case of Ancylostoma

A

Ground itch
Creeping eruption
IDA (SI)
Pulmonary symptoms

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49
Q

Diagnosis of Ancylostoma

A

Egg with blastomeres
Unembryonated egg - Fresh stool

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50
Q

Chandeler index

A

Average no. Of hookworm eggs per gram of feces for the entire community

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51
Q

How much Chandler index is a public health problem

A

Above 300

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52
Q

Female and male shape in case of Ancylostoma

A

Female - Longer
Male - Shorter, Capsulatory bursa + , Post end have umbrella like expansion

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53
Q

Eggs and Rhabditiform larva in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Both have same

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54
Q

Adult worm is larger in Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - larger
Necator americanus - shorter

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55
Q

Which is more pathogenic - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - more pathogenic
Necator americanus - less pathogenic (ground itch more severe)

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56
Q

Which is more pathogenic - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - more pathogenic
Necator americanus - less pathogenic (ground itch more severe)

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57
Q

Head end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - 4 ventral teeth, 2 dorsal teeth (total 6)
Necator americanus - 4 chitinous plates

58
Q

Head end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - 4 ventral teeth, 2 dorsal teeth (total 6)
Necator americanus - 4 chitinous plates

59
Q

Tail end in case of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

Ancylostoma duodenale - Spicules free
Necator americanus - two Spicules fused

60
Q

Cutaneous Larva migrans caused by

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

61
Q

Cause of visceral larva migrans and cutaneous Larva migrans

A

Visceral larva migrans - A/w roundworms
Cutaneous larva migrans - a/w Hookworm

62
Q

Infective stage in case of Visceral larva migrans and cutaneous Larva migrans

A

Visceral larva migrans - Embryonated eggs
Cutaneous larva migrans - Filariform larva

63
Q

Route of transmission of Visceral larva migrans and Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Visceral larva migrans - Ingestion
Cutaneous larva migrans - Skin penetration

64
Q

Route of transmission of Visceral larva migrans and Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Visceral larva migrans - Ingestion
Cutaneous larva migrans - Skin penetration

65
Q

Diagnosis in case of Visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara specific antibody test
PCR (most specific)

66
Q

Diagnosis in case of Visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara specific antibody test
PCR (most specific)

67
Q

Diagnosis in case of Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Physical exam of advancing serpingous track in skin

68
Q

Treatment in case of Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ivermectin

69
Q

Treatment in case of Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ivermectin

70
Q

Smallest nematode known to cause human infection

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

71
Q

Strongyloides Stercoralis Classified on basis of Eggs/larva

A

Ovoviviparous orgnaism - immediately releases larvae

72
Q

Strongyloides Stercoralis Classified on basis of Eggs/larva

A

Ovoviviparous orgnaism - immediately releases larvae

73
Q

Parthogenesis in Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Single parent - female - eggs (by asexual)

74
Q

Autoinfection In case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform larva - penetrates Intestine - Autoinfection

75
Q

Direct cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

After excreting in stool - immediately Rhabditiform larva turns into Filariform larva - enters back inside

76
Q

Direct cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

After excreting in stool - immediately Rhabditiform larva turns into Filariform larva - enters back inside

77
Q

Indirect cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Excreted out - Rhabditiform larva - adultworms - gives Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva

78
Q

Indirect cycle in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Excreted out - Rhabditiform larva - adultworms - gives Rhabditiform larva - Filariform larva

79
Q

Infective form in case or Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Filariform larva

80
Q

Infective form in case or Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Filariform larva

81
Q

Route of transmission in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Skin/autoinfection

82
Q

Route of transmission in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Skin/autoinfection

83
Q

Location affected in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Small intestine
Lung stage +

84
Q

IP and Treatment in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

IP - 17 to 28 days
Treatment - Ivermectin

85
Q

IP and Treatment in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

IP - 17 to 28 days
Treatment - Ivermectin

86
Q

Diagnostic form in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform larva

87
Q

Diagnostic form in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform larva

88
Q

Identification of Rhabditiform larva

A

Double bulb esophagus
Tapering end

89
Q

Identification of Filariform larva in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Notched end

90
Q

Identification of Filariform larva in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Notched end

91
Q

Rhabditiform larva seen in Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Stool sample

92
Q

Filariform seen in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Hyperinfection and disseminated infection may show in sputum, stool and body fluids

93
Q

Filariform seen in case of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Hyperinfection and disseminated infection may show in sputum, stool and body fluids

94
Q

Clinical features of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Cutaneous larva currens
Pulmonary
Intestinal
Can be associated with Hyperinfection syndrome (GIT, Lung - Severe)
Disseminated infection (all over the body)

95
Q

Clinical features of Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Cutaneous larva currens
Pulmonary
Intestinal
Can be associated with Hyperinfection syndrome (GIT, Lung - Severe)
Disseminated infection (all over the body)

96
Q

Trichinella spiral features of male and females

A

Females 2 times longer
Claspers in male hold female during mating

97
Q

Trichinella spiral features of male and females

A

Females 2 times longer
Claspers in male hold female during mating

98
Q

Host in case of Trichinella Spiralis

99
Q

Alternative/dead end host in Trichinella Spiralis

100
Q

Alternative/dead end host in Trichinella Spiralis

101
Q

Infective form in Trichinella Spiralis

A

Encysted larva (in striated larvae)

102
Q

Infective form in Trichinella Spiralis

A

Encysted larva (in striated larvae)

103
Q

Lab diagnosis in case of Trichinella Spiralis

A

Muscle biopsy - near tendon insertion of deltoid
Bachman intradermal test
Xenodiagnosis (animal studies)

104
Q

Lab diagnosis in case of Trichinella Spiralis

A

Muscle biopsy - near tendon insertion of deltoid
Bachman intradermal test
Xenodiagnosis (animal studies)

105
Q

Treatment in case of Trichinella Spiralis

A

Albendazole

106
Q

Treatment in case of Trichinella Spiralis

A

Albendazole

107
Q

Dracunculus medinesis AKA

A

Guinea worm

108
Q

Dracunculus medinesis AKA

A

Guinea worm

109
Q

Dracunculus medinesis eradicated under which programme

A

National guinea worm eradication progamme - clean drinking water, Abate (Larvicide)

110
Q

Dracunculus medinesis/Guinea worm associated with which type of water

A

A/w drinking dirty water

111
Q

Dracunculus medinesis/Guinea worm associated with which type of water

A

A/w drinking dirty water

112
Q

Definitive and intermediate host in case of Dracunculus medinesis

A

Definitive - Human
Intermediate - Cyclops

113
Q

Definitive host in case of Dracunculus medinesis

114
Q

Guinea adult worm resides in

A

Subcutaneous tissue - gravid female male s/c tunnel (Blisters) to discharge larvae on contact with water
Larvae coming out from blister

115
Q

Guinea adult worm resides in

A

Subcutaneous tissue - gravid female male s/c tunnel (Blisters) to discharge larvae on contact with water
Larvae coming out from blister

116
Q

Filarial Nematodes include which organisms

A

Wucheraria bancrofti
Brugia Malayi
Loa Loa
Mansonella prestans
Mansonella ozzardi
Onchocerca volvulus

117
Q

Filarial Nematodes include which organisms

A

Wucheraria bancrofti
Brugia Malayi
Loa Loa
Mansonella prestans
Mansonella ozzardi
Onchocerca volvulus

118
Q

Structure of Wucheraria bancrofti

A

Sheathed
Nuclei do not extent to tip of tail

119
Q

Wucheraria bancrofti Vector

A

Nocturnal
Vector - Culex, anopheles, Aedes

120
Q

Wucheraria bancrofti Vector

A

Nocturnal
Vector - Culex, anopheles, Aedes

121
Q

Brugia Malayi Structure

A

Sheathed
2 nuclei at tip of tail

122
Q

Brugia Malayi Structure

A

Sheathed
2 nuclei at tip of tail

123
Q

Brugia Malayi Vector

A

Nocturnal
Vector - Mansonia

124
Q

Brugia Malayi Vector

A

Nocturnal
Vector - Mansonia

125
Q

Loa loa structure

A

Sheathed
Nuclei form Continous row in tip of tail

126
Q

Loa loa structure

A

Sheathed
Nuclei form Continous row in tip of tail

127
Q

Brugia Timori Vector

A

Nocturnal
Vector - Anopheles

128
Q

Loa Loa vector

A

Diurnal
Vector - Deer flies (Chrysops)

129
Q

Mansonella Prestans Structure

A

Unsheathed
Nuclei extend to tip of tail (persistent)

130
Q

Mansonella Ozzardi Structure

A

Unsheathed
Nuclei do not Extend to tip

131
Q

Mansonella Ozzardi Structure

A

Unsheathed
Nuclei do not Extend to tip

132
Q

Mansonella vector

A

Non periodic
Vector - Midges

133
Q

Mansonella vector

A

Non periodic
Vector - Midges

134
Q

Onchocerca volvulus structure

A

Unsheathed
Nuclei do not extend to tip

135
Q

Onchocerca volvulus vector

A

Non periodic
Vector - Blackflies

136
Q

Onchocerca volvulus vector

A

Non periodic
Vector - Blackflies

137
Q

Sheathed Filarial Nematodes

A

Wucheraria bancrofti
Brugia Malayi
Loa loa

138
Q

Sheathed Filarial Nematodes

A

Wucheraria bancrofti
Brugia Malayi
Loa loa

139
Q

Unsheathed Filarial Nematodes

A

Mansonella prestans
Mansonella ozzardi
Onchocerca volvulus

140
Q

Unsheathed Filarial Nematodes

A

Mansonella prestans
Mansonella ozzardi
Onchocerca volvulus

141
Q

Definitive host in case of Filarial Nematodes

142
Q

Definitive host in case of Filarial Nematodes

Microbiology (37 decks)

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