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Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

All bacilli are gram Negative except

A

MAC DONALD
M - Mycobacterium
A - Anthracis Bacillus
C- Clostridium species
D - Corynebacterium diphtheria
N - Nocardia
A - Actinomyces
L - Listeria
D - Diphtheroids

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2
Q

Corynebacterium is also known as

A

Kleb Loeffler’s Bacillus

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3
Q

Features of Corynebacterium

A

Gram Positive
Non motile
Non sporing
Non capsulated

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4
Q

Types of Corynebacterium

A

C. Diphtheria
Others - C. Ulcerans, C. Pseudotuberculosis, C. Minitissimum

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5
Q

Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis is also known as

A

Preisz Nocard Bacillus

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6
Q

Characteristic clinical features of Corynebacterium Minitissimum

A

Erythrasma - Red Rash around axilla, groins

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7
Q

Erythrasma caused by C. Minitissimum finding under woodlamp examination

A

Coral red Fluorescence due to Coproporphyrin iii

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8
Q

Liphophilic Corynebacterium can be divided into

A

C. Jeikeium
C. Urealyticum

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9
Q

C. Jeikeium can cause

A

Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Immunocompromised pt

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10
Q

C. Urealyticum is associated with which stone

A

Struvite stone

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11
Q

Diphtheria toxin is produced by

A

DUP
Diphtheria
Ulcerans
Pseudotuberculosis

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12
Q

Diphtheria toxin is associated with which gene

A

TOX gene

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13
Q

Examples of Phage mediated Toxins

A

ABCDE
A and C - Strep Pyogenes
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
EHEColi

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14
Q

Virulent factors of Diphtheria toxin

A

Fragment A - ADP phosphorylation of EF2 - Decrease protein synthesis
Fragment B - bind to cells

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15
Q

Strain of Diphtheria toxin used for vaccine

A

Park William 8 Strain

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16
Q

Examples of Toxin decreasing Protein Synthesis

A

Decreasing Protein Synthesis
DT
Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas
Shiga toxin
Verocytotoxin (Shiga like toxin)

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17
Q

Diphtheria toxin And Exotoxin A decreases protein synthesis by

A

Inhibiting ADP phosphorylation of EF2

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18
Q

Shiga toxin and Shiga like toxin Decreases protein synthesis by

A

Cleaving 60S ribosomes

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19
Q

Incubation period of C. Diphtheria infection

A

3-4 days

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20
Q

Forms of Diphtheria infection

A

Respiratory/Faucial diphtheria
Cutaneous diphtheria
Systemic diphtheria

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21
Q

Respiratory/Faucial form of Diphtheria is associated with

A

Pseudomembrane
Bull’s neck

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22
Q

Complications of Diphtheria infection

A

Myocarditis (7-10th day ) - MC cause of death
Neurological - Oculomotor paralysis
Hemorrhagic - Thrombocytopenia

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23
Q

Sample for C. Diphtheria infection is taken from

A

2 swabs under the membrane

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24
Q

Microscopic Finding of C. Diphtheria

A

Chinese letter/Cuneiform appearance
Snapping division

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25
Q

Volutin Granules can be seen in

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria
Yersinia pestis
M Tb
Gardenella
Spirillum

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26
Q

Volutin Granules are also termed as

A

Bipolar granules or Metachromatic granules or Babes ernst granules

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27
Q

Stains used for Volutin Granules

A

PLAN
Ponders stain
Loeffler Methylene Blue
Albert stain
Neissers Stain

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28
Q

Enriched media used for C. Diphtheria

A

Loeffler serum slope - 6-8 hrs

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29
Q

Selective media used for diagnosis of C. Diphtheria

A

Macleod/Hoyes/Tinsdale Medium
PTA (Potassium tellurite Agar) - Best media for Growth

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30
Q

Potassium tellurite Agar takes how much time to grow and shows which color colonies

A

Takes 48 hours
Black colonies

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31
Q

Test done to know toxigenicity diphtheria toxin

A

Eleks Gel precipitation test

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32
Q

Schick test is done to know

A

Susceptibility of person
SPIN
Positive Shick test -; Susceptible
Negative Shick test - immune

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33
Q

Dosage of Diphtheria antitoxin in case of Nasopharyngeal disease

A

40,000 to 80,000 Im/ov

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34
Q

Diphtheria antitoxin dose for extensive disease

A

80,000 to 1,20,000 im/iv

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35
Q

Antibiotics used for Diphtheria infection

A

Penicillin or Azithromycin

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36
Q

Difference between DTaP and TdaP vaccine

A

DTaP - Higher dose of Diphtheria toxin
Given to children less than 7 years
TdaP - Lower dose of DT
Given to >7 years of age

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37
Q

Biotyping of Corynebacterium is done on basis of

A

Potassium tellurite agar

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38
Q

Biotyping of Corynebacterium based on PTA includes

A

C. Gravis
C. Intermedius
C. mitis
GIM - Head Egg Egg

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39
Q

C. Gravis shows

A

Daisy head colonies
Starch fermentation

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40
Q

C. Intermedius shows

A

Frog egg appearance
Non Hemolytic

41
Q

C. Mitis shows

A

Poached egg appearance
Least virulent

42
Q

Gram Positive Filamentous Bacteria includes

A

Nocardia
Actinomyces

43
Q

Characteristic features of Nocardia

A

Nocardia = Nature
Strict aerobe(O2)
Soil (exogenous)
1% acid fast (acid rain)

44
Q

Characteristic features of Actinomyces

A

Strict Anaerobes
Found in mouth (Endogenous flora)
Non acid fast

45
Q

Culture method of Nocardia

A

Paraffin Bait Technique

46
Q

Clinical features caused by Nocardia

A

In immunocompetent - Cutaneous
Immunocompromised - Pulmonary manifestation (MC)
M/C extrapulmonary - Brain

47
Q

Treatment of Nocardia infection

A

Sulphonamides

48
Q

Colonies shown by Actinomyces on Solid media

A

Spider/molar tooth colonies

49
Q

Colonies shown by Actinomyces on Liquid media

A

Fluffy ball

50
Q

Clinical features of Actinomyces infection

A

Orocervical (M/C) - Lumpy jaw, Swelling of jaw, Multiple sinus discharges
Thoracic
Abdominal - following surgery
Pelvic - IUCD use

51
Q

Treatment of Actinomyces Infection

A

Penicillin

52
Q

Nocardia and Actinomyces known to cause which phenomenon

A

Spleudore Hoepplei phenomenon

53
Q

Combination of Nocardia and Actinomyces causes

A

Actinomycetoma

54
Q

Which Actinomyces species can be acid fast sometimes

A

Actinomyces Israelli

55
Q

Actinomyces shows which granules on Israel yellow sand

A

Yellow sulphur granules

56
Q

Virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Listeriolysin O

57
Q

Motility shown by Listeria monocytogenes

A

Tumbling motility - motile @22°C, non motile at 37°C

58
Q

Mnemonic for Listeria monocytogenes

A

ABCDEFG
A- Anton test
B - Beta hemolysis (Listeriolysin O)
C - contact, Contaminated food, cheese (Dairy), Cold enrichment, CAMP +ve, Catalase +ve
D - Diarrhea
E - Flagella (Peritrichous) , Females, pregnancy, neonates (sepsis)
G - Granulomatous Infanti septicum

59
Q

Clinical features of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gasteroenteritis
Pregnant females - Abortion/still birth
Early neonatal period - Sepsis
Late neonatal period - Meningitis
Granulomatous Infanti septicum

60
Q

Specimen taken for Listeria monocytogenes diagnosis

A

Cervical/vaginal
Meconium/cord blood
CSF

61
Q

Anton test is positive in

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Animal (Rabbit eye) - On injecting listeria - cause Keratoconjunctivitis

62
Q

CAMP test and Catalase in Listeria monocytogenes

63
Q

Examples of Spore forming Bacteria

A

Bacillus
Clostridium

64
Q

All bacillus are motile, unencapsulated and Hemolytic except

A

Bacillus anthracis

65
Q

Bacillus family includes

A

B. Stearothermophilus - Autoclave, Plasma sterilization
B. Subtilis - Hot air oven
B. Pumilus - Radiation
B. Globigri - Gas sterilization

66
Q

First pathogenic bacteria seen under Microscope

A

B. Anthracis

67
Q

First pathogenic bacteria having live attenuated vaccine

A

B. Anthracis

68
Q

First pathogenic bacteria isolated in pure culture

A

B. Anthracis

69
Q

Virulence factors of B. Anthracis

A

Capsule - Polypeptide made of Polyglutamate - PxO2 plasmid
Anthrax toxin - PxO2 plasmid

70
Q

Why anthrax toxin is called Tripartite

A

EPL
3 Factors
E - Edema factor - increases cAMP
P - Protective Factor - attachment
L - Lethal factor - Death

71
Q

Ways to spread Bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous (M/C)
Inhalational
Ingestion

72
Q

Clinical features of Cutaneous anthrax

A

Hide Porter’s disease - Malignant Eschar (Black)

73
Q

Clinical features of Pulmonary anthrax

A

Wool sorter’s disease
Results in hemorrhagic mediastinitis
Pericarditis
Septicemia
Associated with Bioterrorism

74
Q

Clinical features of Intestinal anthrax

A

Undercooked meat
Hemorrhagic enteritis

75
Q

Complications of Anthrax

A

CSF/Meningitis/Meningoencephalitis
Hemorrhagic CSF

76
Q

Microscopic Finding of Bacillus anthracis

A

Bamboo stick appearance or Box car appearance

77
Q

Demonstration of Capsule is done in case Bacillus anthrax infection

A

Mc Fadyeans Reaction - Smear+ Polychrome Methylene blue - Purple color around capsule

78
Q

Culture findings in Bacillus anthracis infection

A

Forsted glass @edge of colony - Medussa head appearance
Comet tail
Beaten egg

79
Q

B. anthracis is susceptible to penicillin and incubation on medium containing low levels of penicillin causes the bacterium to

A

swell and form a chain of cells that resemble a String of pearls

80
Q

Bacillus Anthrax on Gelatin liquifaction

A

Shows Inverted Fir tree appearance

81
Q

Selective media used for diagnosis of Bacillus anthrax

A

PLED (Polymxin lysosome EDTA thallous acetate)

82
Q

Serology exams for Bacillus anthrax infection

A

Ascoli’s ring therompercipitin
ELISA

83
Q

Duckering means

A

Disinfection of wool by 2% Formaldehyde at 30-40°C for 20 min

84
Q

According to CDC, when to give presumptive diagnosis of Anthrax

A

Any gram +ve bacillus, non motile, non Hemolytic, Catalse +ve

85
Q

Which vaccine is given to vets/occupational exposure against Bacillus anthrax

A

AVA biothrax

86
Q

Vaccines given to animals against Bacillus anthrax

A

PSM
Pasteurs anthrax vaccine
Sterne vaccine
Mazzucchi vaccine

87
Q

Treatment of Uncomplicated Cutaneous anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline (7 to 10day)

88
Q

Treatment of Sytemic anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline
Add Antoxin (Raxibacumab)
In case of Anthrax meningitis - 60 Days antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin+ Meropenem + Clindamycin)

89
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis for System anthrax

A

AVA Biothrax+ 60 days antibiotics

90
Q

Bacillus cereus habitat

91
Q

Bacillus cereus causes

A

Food poisioning

92
Q

Types of Food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus

A

Emetic type
Diarrheal type

93
Q

Incubation period of Emetic type and Diarrheal type

A

Emetic - 1 to 5 hours
Diarrheal - 8 to 16 hrs

94
Q

Food responsible for Emetic type and Diarrheal type of Bacillus cereus infection

A

Emetic - Chinese fried rice
Diarrheal - Meat and milk

95
Q

Which one is heat stable - Emetic type or diarrheal type

A

Emetic type

96
Q

Mechanism of action of Emetic type Bacillus cereus

A

Increases cGMP - Vagomimetic action

97
Q

Mechanism of action of diarrheal type of Bacillus cereus infection

A

Increases cAMP
Nhe toxin - Secretory diarrhea

98
Q

Features of Bacillus cereus

A

Motile
Hemolytic
Non encapsulated

99
Q

Selective media used for bacillus cereus

A

MYPA (Mannitol, Yolky, Polymyxin Agar)
PEMBA ( Polymyxin, Mannitol, Bromothymol blue Agar)

Microbiology (37 decks)

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