HBB Flashcards
Haemophilus Features
Non motile
Non sporing
Gram -ve
Oxidase +ve
Oxidase Positive Organisms
PVNCH
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Neisseria
Campylobacter
HBB (Hemophilus, Bordetella and Brucella)
H. Influenzae also known as
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
H. Influenzae requires which factors
X and V
Virulence factors of H influenzae
Capsular polysaccharide - 6 types (A to F)
H1b - Most virulent (used for H1b PRP vaccine)
H. Influenzae diseases ranges in humans from
Invasive and
Non invasive
Capsule in case of Invasive and Non invasive H. Influenzae
Invasive - encapsulated
Non Invasive - Non encapsulated
Disease spread in Invasive and Non invasive H influenzae
Invasive - Blood
Non invasive - locally
H1b seen in which form of H influenzae
Invasive
Blood culture will be positive in which form of H influenzae
Invasive
Infections caused by invasive form of H influenzae
Meningitis
Sepsis
Pneumonia
Infections caused by Non invasive form of H influenzae
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Exacerbation of COPD
Clinical features related to H influenzae
Meningitis
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Pneumonia
Suppurative lesions
Microscopic Findings in Case of H influenzae
Gram negative Coccobacilli
Culture findings in case of H influenzae
X factor (hemin)
V factor (NAD Or NADP)
Satellitism shown on blood agar by which organism
H. Influenzae
Treatment of H influenzae
Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone
Precaution or vaccine for H influenzae
H1b PRP Vaccine
H. Aegypticus is also known as
Koch weaks bacillus
H Aegypticus causes
Pink eyes
Brazilian purpeuric fever (Conjunctivitis leading to septicemia)
H Ducreyi causes
Chancroid - Painful soft Genital ulcers
Culture media for H Ducreyi
Grows on chocolate agar supplemented with Isovitalex or fetal calf serum
Staining and tissue biopsy finding for H Ducreyi
Bipolar staining (Safety pin appearance)
Tram track/School of fish appearance
Treatment of H. Ducreyi infection
Azithromycin
Organisms containing Only Factor X
Dus - H. Ducreyi
Organism containing only Factor V
Paanch - Para
H. Parainfluenza
H. Parahemolyticus
H. Paraphrophilus
Organisms containing both Factor X and V
BHAI
B - Both
H - H. Hemolyticus
A - H. Aegypticus
I - H. Influenzae
Normal mouth Commensals or HACEK organisms
H - Haemophilus
A - Aggregatibacter
C - Cardiobacterium
E - Eikenella
K - Kingella
HACEK are known to cause
Endocarditis
Respiratory infections
UTI
Bordetella features
Non motile
Non sporing
Capsule +
Bordetella pertussis causes
Pertussis/Whooping cough/100 day cough
Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis
Agglutinogens - helps in attachment
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
Pertactin - outer membrane protein
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) Is used for
Used in Acellular pertussis vaccine
Toxin responsible for Bordetella pertussis infection
Pertussis toxin
Pertussis toxin exhibits
LPF (Lymphocytosis producing factor)
HCF (Histamine secretizing Factor)
IAP (Islet activating protein) - Hypoglycemia
Pertussis MOA
Increases adenylate cyclase (cAMP)
Incubation period of Bordetella pertussis
1-2 weeks
Phases of Bordetella pertussis infection
Catarrhal - low grade fever, Dry cough, Max infectivity
Paroxysmal - Bouts of cough, inrush of air into lungs (whoop)
Convalescent - lesser severity
Swabs are transported in which media in case of Bordetella pertussis
Casamino acid solution/Stuart media
Specimen taken for Bordetella infection
Nasal swab, Per nasal, Per oral
6 swabs takes
Dacron or Calcium alginate swabs are used ( not cotton)
Culture media used for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis
Bordet gengou medium - Shows Mercury drop/Bissected pearls appearance
Bordetella pertussis Mnemonic
Bord - Body (capsule)
Bordet Gengou medium
B and P - Bissected pearls
Treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection
Erythromycin, Azithromycin
Prevention of Bordetella pertussis infection
1) Whole cellular vaccine (FHA, Pertactin, Agglutinogens, Pertussis toxin) - No complications
2) Whole cell killed vaccine
Complication of whole cell killed vaccine give for Pertussis
Post vaccinal encephalopathy
Classification of Brucella
NOMEN System
MASC-ON
M - Melitensis
A - Abortus
S - Shis
C - Canis
O - Ovis
N - Neutamae
Brucella Melitensis
Sheep/goat
Most pathogenic
M antigen
Antigen seen in Brucella Abortus
A Antigen
Virulence factors of Brucella
LPS
BvrR/BurS - binding
Transmission of Brucella infection
Zoonotic disease
M/c direct contact > raw milk
Clinical features of Brucella infection
Goes to reticuloendothelial cells
Night sweats
Hepatosplenomegaly
Arthritis
Incubation period of Brucella
10-30 days
Types of infection caused by Brucella
1)Latent - no clinical evidence, Serology +ve
2)Acute/Subacute - Fever, Arthralgia, Nocturnal sweating, Low platelet count (Bleeding)
3)Chronic - low grade
Medium used for diagnosis of Brucella
Castaneda medium (biphasic) -;Solid and liquid
Brucella is Catalase, Oxidase and Urease
Positive
Which agglutination test is shown by Brucella
Standard agglutination test
Test done on animals in case of Brucella
Milk ring test - blue or purple ring at top
Bengal card test
Whey agglutination test
Treatment of Brucella infection
Doxycycline × 45 days + Streptomycin im daily for 14 days
Treatment recommended by WHO for Brucella
Doxycycline + Rifampicin for 6 weeks
Treatment for Neurobrucellosis
Doxycycline + Rifampicin + Ceftriaxone