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Microbiology > DNA Virus - Herpesviridae > Flashcards

DNA Virus - Herpesviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Herpesviridae

A

HHV 1-8
HHV 1 and 2 - Cause HSV 1 and 2
HHV 3 - HZV/Varicella zoster
HHV 4 - EBV
HHV 5 - CMV
HHV6
HHV7
HHV8

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2
Q

General properties of Herpesviridae family

A

150-200nm size (Second largest)
Icosahedral Symmetry
dsDNA

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3
Q

Subfamilies of Herpesviridae family

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

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4
Q

Alpha subfamily of Herpesviridae family includes which species and site of latency

A

Species - HHV 1, 2 and 3
Site of latency - Neurons

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5
Q

Beta subfamily of Herpesviridae family includes which species and site of latency

A

Species - HHV5, 6, 7
Site of latency - Glands and T cells

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6
Q

Gamma subfamily of Herpesviridae family includes which species and site of latency

A

Species - HHV4 (EBV), HHV8
Site of latency - B cells

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7
Q

Transmission ways of HSV 1 And HSV 2

A

HSV 1 - Mucosa/Abraded skin
HSV 2 - Sexual/vertical

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8
Q

Latency sites of HSV 1 And 2

A

HSV 1 - Trigeminal ganglia
HSV 2 - Sacral ganglia

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9
Q

Age group more commonly affected in case of HSV 1 and 2

A

HSV 1 - Children
HSV 2 - Adults

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10
Q

Clinical features seen in case of HSV 1

A

Orofacial mucosal lesions
Skin lesions above waist
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Ocular lesions

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11
Q

Clinical features seen in HSV 2

A

Genital lesions - B/L painful vesicles with painful Inguinal Lymphadenopathy
Below waist
Neonatal herpes( mother to child)

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12
Q

Which HSV grows well on Chick embryo fibroblast

A

HSV 2 - Grows well
HSV 1 - doesn’t grows well

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13
Q

Which HSV shows more Neurovirulence and drug resistance

A

HSV 2

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14
Q

Most common site of Orofacial mucosal lesions

A

HSV 1 M/C
Buccal mucosa

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15
Q

Most common primary lesion in HSV 1

A

Gingivostomatitis

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16
Q

Most common recurrent lesion in HSV 1

A

Herpes labialis

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17
Q

CNS Infections are more Common in which HSV

A

HSV 1&raquo_space; HSV 2

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18
Q

HSV 1 is most common cause of which type of encephalitis

A

Acute sporadic viral Encephalitis (temporal lobe is affected)

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19
Q

Mollaret meningitis/Recurrent lymphocytic Meningitis is most commonly seen in which HSV

A

HSV 2

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20
Q

Ocular lesions are most commonly seen in which HSV

A

HSV 1 > HSV 2
Dendritic corneal ulcers

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21
Q

Genital lesions are most commonly seen in which HSV

A

HSV 2&raquo_space; HSV 1
Bilateral painful vesicles with Painful Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

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22
Q

Other clinical features seen in HSV

A

Herpetic whitlow (seen in healthcare workers)
Herpes gladiatorum (Wrestlers herpes)
Eczema herpeticum
Erythema multiforme

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23
Q

Tzanck smear is done for diagnosis of

A

Done for HSV 1 and 2
Low sensitivity
Can’t differentiate between HSV 1,2 And HZV

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24
Q

Sample taken in case of HSV and are stained by

A

Lesion - unroof vesicle, Scrap base
Stain with Giemsa nd Wright stain (Romanowsky stain), Toluidine stain

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25
Cytopathic effect seen in case of HSV Infection
3M phenomenon Multinucleated, Moulding and Margination of Chromatin + Cowdry Type A - Lipchultz bodies
26
Which is most definitive diagnosis exam in case of HSV
Virus isolation - Cell lines
27
DNA studies and Serology methods of HSV Infection
PCR - Sensitive, can't differentiate ELISA - 4 fold increase in antibodies suggestive of HSV
28
Drug of choice in HSV Infection
Acyclovir - inhibits DNA Polymerase If Resistance - Foscarnet
29
HHV 3/Herpes Zoster/Varicella Zoster virus causes which diseases in Children and Adults
Child - Chickenpox Adults - Herpes Zoster/Shingles
30
Incubation period of Chickenpox
2-3 weeks
31
Characteristic rash features in Chickenpox
Versicle surrounded by an erythematous halo (Dew drop on a rose petal) If in adults - More severe hemorrhagic and bullous lesions
32
Rash distribution in case of Chickenpox
Bilateral, diffuse, Centripetal distribution (starts on trunk) - then centrifugal spread (flexor surface) Comes on crops (fever with each crops)
33
Period of infectivity in case of Chickenpox
2 days before and 5 days after rash
34
Reservoir, source and Carrier in case of Chickenpox
Reservoir - Humans Source - patient's Carrier - None
35
Most common Complication of Chickenpox
Secondary bacterial infection
36
Most common extracutaneous Complication of Chickenpox
CNS Involvement - Benign cerebellar ataxia
37
Most serious Complication of Chickenpox
Varicella Pneumonia (especially in pregnancy)
38
Fetal/Congenital Varicella Syndrome timeline and clinical features
Infection within 20 wks of intrauterine life Cicatricial skin lesions Limb hypoplasia Microcephaly Cortical atrophy
39
Neonatal Varicella Syndrome causes and max chance of transmission
Mother has varicella in late pregnancy Max chance of Transmission - 5 days before to 2 days after delivery Disseminated disease
40
Treatment of Neonatal Varicella Syndrome
Acyclovir (Prophylactically) If skin lesion appears - Varicella zoster Immunoglobulin (<94 hrs of exposure)
41
Vaccine for Neonatal Varicella Syndrome
OKA Strain (2 doses)
42
Herpes zoster/ Shingles occurs due to
Reactivation - in elderly or immunocompromised patients
43
Rash distribution in Herpes Zoster/Shingles
Along dermatomes (M/C - D3 to L2) Unilateral, segmental and Painful
44
Zoster sine herpete means
Dermatomal pain without skin lesions
45
Complications of Herpes Zoster/Shingles
Post herpetic Neuralgia (M/C);- Pain at local site Zoster opthalmicus - trigeminal ganglion, dendritic ulcer Ramsay hunt Syndrome
46
Ramsay hunt Syndrome
Involvement of Geniculate ganglion of CN VII Facial N palsy Vesicles in EAM, otalgia Loss of taste sensation on ant. 2/3rd of tongue
47
Vaccines used in case of Varicella zoster/Shingles
To enhance the immunity Live attenuated vaccine - Zostavax Recombinant vaccine - Shingrix
48
Transmission of Epstein Barr virus (HHV4)
Close contact Kissing Sexual intercourse Blood Transfusion BM Transplantation
49
EBV entry via which receptors and acts on which cells
Receptors - CD21/CR2 Leads to activation of Polyclonal B cell
50
Regulation Proteins for Esptein barr
LMP 1(Latent membrane protein 1) - acts on CD4 Pathway EBNA 2 ( Epstein barr nuclear antigen 2) - Activates SRC Protooncogenes VIL10 (Viral interleukin 10) - Antiinflammatory
51
Epstein barr virus Causes
1) Infectious mononucleosis/Kissing disease - Aka Glandular fever 2) Malignancy 3) Other condition - Duncan Syndrome (Lymphoproliferative Syndrome) - Hairy cell leukoplakia/oral cell leukoplakia - Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
52
Clinical features and incubation period of Infectious mononucleosis
IP - 4-8 weeks SHE Feels Shy LAL Splenomegaly Hepatitis Encephalitis Fever Sore throat Lymph node enlargement Arthralgia Lethargy
53
Malignancies caused by Epstein Barr virus
Carcinoma Lymphoma Sarcoma
54
Carcinoma associated with EBV infection
Most common - Gastric Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
55
Lymphoma associated with EBV
Hodgkin's - mixed cellularity NHL - Burkitts Lymphoma, DLBL, Post transplant Lymphoma, T/NK cell Lymphoma
56
Sarcoma associated with EBV infection
Leiomyosarcoma
57
CBC Microscopic finding in case of EBV
Atypical Lymphocytes (Downy cells) - AKA - Ballurina skirt appearance
58
Heterophile Antibody detection test done in case of EBV
Paul Bunell test - A/b react with sheep RBCs Monospot test (Now) - A/b react with horse RBC
59
Specific antibody test done in case of EBV
Antibody to viral capsid antigen Antibody to early antigen - Early diagnosis Antibody to EBNA
60
Most sensitive and specific test for EBV
Nucleic acid hybridization test
61
Treatment of EBV
Acyclovir - oral hairy cell leukoplakia Rituximab
62
Which is the largest of Herpesviridae
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
63
Transmission of Cytomegalovirus
M/C - Oral, respiratory, body secretions Less common - Transplacental, sexual
64
Cytomegalovirus multiplies in which organs
SRK - Mannat(Sleep) Salivary gland (M/C) Respiratory tract Kidney
65
CMV remains latent in which Organ
Monocytes
66
Clinical signs of CMV are classified into
Congenital Perinatal Immunocompetent Immunocompromised
67
Most common infection associated with Congenital defects
Congenital CMV Infection
68
Clinical features of Congenital CMV Infection
More common - Hepatosplenomegaly, Jaundice, Petechia/Purpuric rashee Less common - Microcephaly, Chorioretinitis, Cerebral calcification, deafness
69
Perinatal CMV clinical features
Usually asymptomatic - later on can see complications
70
CMV clinical features in Immunocompetent pt.
Infectious mononucleosis like Syndrome - Fever, sore throat, No Lymphadenopathy, no heterophile Antibodies
71
CMV clinical features in Immunocompromised pt.
In HIV , transplant patients CMV Chorioretinitis CMV is most common opportunistic infection or virus in HIV and transplant
72
Cytopathic effect or Inclusion bodies seen in case of CMV Infection
Owl eye appearance (both I/n and I/c inclusions)
73
CMV virus isolation is done on which cell line
Human Fibroblast cell line (2° cell line)
74
Antigen found in case of CMV Infection
PP65
75
Treatment of CMV infection
DOC - Ganciclovir If Resistance - Foscarnet
76
HHV 6 Variants
6A 6B
77
Mode of infection in HHV 6
Oral Secretions
78
HHV 6 in children causes
Sixth disease/Roseola infantum/Exanthem subitum
79
Clinical features of Sixth disease/Roseola infantum/Exanthem subitum
Fever Nagayama spots - erythematous spots on soft palate and uvula Rash after fever - Rose pink non pruritus papules
80
HHV 6 known to cause in adults
Mononucleosis like Syndrome
81
HHV 8 is associated with which diseases
Kaposi sarcoma Primary Effusion Lymphoma Castlemann disease (LN)
82
Kaposi sarcoma
Vascular tumor M/C associated with immunocompromised status M/C site - Skin of lower limb 2nd M/C - Lymph node

Microbiology (37 decks)

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