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Microbiology > Flagellates And Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Flagellates And Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Flagellates includes

A

Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis

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2
Q

Which is the most common parasitic infection in world and most commonly found in stool

A

Giardia lamblia

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3
Q

Habitat of Giardia lamblia

A

Mucosa of duodenum and upper ileum

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4
Q

Infective stage of Giardia lamblia

A

Cyst

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5
Q

Infective dose of Giardia lamblia

A

Small dose - 10-25

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6
Q

Route of infection of Giardia lamblia

A

Feco oral route

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7
Q

Giardia lamblia attaches to duodenum with the help of

A

Sucking disk
Lectin Antigen

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8
Q

Attachment of Giardia lamblia to duodenum results in

A

Blunting of villi - Malabsorption (Vit B12, FA, Protein)
Iron deficiency anemia
Disaccharide enzymes -

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9
Q

Life cycle of Giardia lamblia

A

Ingestion of dormant cysts - Excystation( Trophozoite emerges) - Trophozoites undergoes asexual reproduction - both trophozoites and cyst in feces - Only cyst can survive outside host (human) - can survive weeks to month in cold water - Ingestion

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10
Q

Sample and Trophozoites in M/E in Giardia Lamblia

A

Sample - Stool (3 consecutive days)
M/E - Trophozoites: Pear/tennis racket appearance, attaches by suckling disc
2 nuclei
4 pairs of Flagella

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11
Q

Cyst of Giardia lamblia on M/E

A

1-4 nuclei
No Flagella

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12
Q

Which test is done im case of Giardia lamblia to do pull out Duodenal contents

A

String test/Enterotest

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13
Q

Other diagnosis methods of Giardia lamblia and gold standard

A

Copro antigen detection
Antibody
Gold standard - PCR

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14
Q

Giardia lamblia appearance on Duodenal biopsy

A

Luminal organism - Sickle shaped Organism in lumen

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15
Q

Giardia lamblia shows which type of Motility

A

Falling leaf Motility

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16
Q

Treatment of Giardia lamblia

A

DOC - Metronidazole or Tinidazole

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17
Q

Most common cause of STD and Non Gonococcal urethritis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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18
Q

Mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Sexual

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19
Q

Reservoir in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Female

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20
Q

Infective and diagnostic forms of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trophozoite only
Cyst -ve

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21
Q

IP and Clinical features seen in males in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

IP - 4 to 28 days
C/F - Urethritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis

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22
Q

Clinical features seen in females in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Strawberry cervix/Colpitis macularis
Greenish discharge

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23
Q

Structure of Trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis on M/E

A

Only one nucleus
4 ant Flagella
1 post flagella with undulating membrane

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24
Q

Motility seen in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Jerky/twitching Motility

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25
Q

Culture medium used for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Lash cysteine Hydrosylate medium
Trussell and Johnson medium
Diamond medium

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26
Q

Site commonly affected in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Genitals

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27
Q

Hemoflagellates includes

A

Leishmania
Trypanosoma

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28
Q

Development stages or morphological forms in case of Hemoflagellates

A

APET
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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29
Q

Protozoan bodies seen in case of Hemoflagellates

A

Parabasal body and Blepharoplast - Kinetoplast

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30
Q

Kinetoplast position in comparison to nucleus and exception

A

Present anterior to nucleus
Except - Trypomastigote - have Post nuclear Kinetoplast

31
Q

BET CATE LAP Mnemonic

A

BET - Brucii Epimastigote Trypomastigote
CATE - T. Cruzi, Amastigote, Trypomastigote, Epimastigote
LAP - Leishmania Amastigote Promastigote

32
Q

Trypanosomes are divided into

A

2 groups
Salivaria - organism passed in saliva
Ex - T Brucii
Stercoraria - insect passes organism in feces
Ex - T Cruzii

33
Q

Trypanosoma Cruzii AKA

A

South American Trypanosomiasis

34
Q

Definitive and intermediate host in Case of Trypanosoma cruzii

A

Definitive - Man
Intermediate - Reduvid bug/Triatomine bug (nocturnal) AKA Kissing bug

35
Q

Reservoir in case of T Cruzii infection

A

Armadillo/Cat/dog/pig

36
Q

Infective form in case of T Cruzii

A

Trypomastigote

37
Q

Mnemonic for T Cruzzii

A

Rich American couple
Merc Benz
Cruise
Rome (kiss)
Jhakaas life
Bade log badi baatein

38
Q

Morphological forms seen in insect and Adults human during life cycle of T Cruzii

A

TAT
In insect - Epimastigotes
Adult human - Amastigotes

39
Q

Sites commonly affected in case of Acute Chagas disease

A

Chagoma( entry site edema)
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly

40
Q

Specific sign seen in case of Acute Chagas disease

A

Romana sign - periorbital edema

41
Q

Sites affected in case of Chronic Chagas disease

A

Myocarditis, Dilated CM
Megaesophagus (Achalasia cardia)
Megacolon
Brain - Meningoencephalitis

42
Q

Sample taken in case of T Cruzii infection

A

Blood/buffy coat

43
Q

Microscopic finding in case of T Cruzii

A

Trypomastigote - post. Nucleus Kinetoplast

44
Q

Culture media used in case of T Cruzii

A

NNN (Novy Nicolle McNeal)

45
Q

DOC in case of T Cruzii

A

Benznidazole
Symptomatic treatment

46
Q

Trypanosoma Brucie includes which organisms

A

T.B Gambiense
T.B Rhodesiense

47
Q

T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense AKA

A

Gambiense - West African Sleeping sickness
Rhodesiense - East African Sleeping sickness

48
Q

Vector for T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense

A

Tse Tse fly

49
Q

Primary Reservoir in case of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense

A

Gambiense - Human
Rhodesiense - Animals

50
Q

Clinical features in case of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense

A

Gambiense - Chronic CNS Disease, Winterbottom sign - Post cervical Lymphadenopathy
Rhodesiense - Myocarditis

51
Q

Parasitemia, virulence and Resistance is more in which Trypanosoma Brucei species

A

more in T.B Rhodesiense

52
Q

Treatment of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense

A

Gambiense - Pentamidine
Rhodesiense - Suramine

53
Q

Sample taken in case of Trypanosoma Brucie and finding

A

Blood/CSF - Trypomastigote

54
Q

Culture media used in case of Trypanosoma Brucie

A

Weinmann’s medium

55
Q

Examples of Parasites causing Myocarditis

A

TTTTE
Trichinella species
T. Cruzii
T.B Rhodesiense
Toxoplasma gondii
Echinococcus

56
Q

Vector in case of Leishmania

A

Sandfly

57
Q

Infective and diagnostic forms in case of Leishmania

A

Infective form - Promastigote
Diagnostic form - Amastigote (LD Bodies)

58
Q

Disease caused by Leishmania

A

Kala Azar

59
Q

Clinical features seen in Kala azar

A

Massive Hepatosplenomegaly
Blackening of skin
Scaly skin
Dark and ashen skin
Night sweats
Severe temp. Or irregular bouts
Bleeding
Cough
Weakness/weight loss

60
Q

Life cycle of Leishmania Donovani

A

Human - Promastigote transform into Amastigotes - multiply in cells or various tissues - Sandfly takes a blood meal (ingests Amastigotes) - Amastigotes transform into Promastigote in gut - divide and migrate to Proboscis - Sandfly inject Promastigote into humans skin

61
Q

Sample taken in case of Leishmania

A

Spleen aspiration - most sensitive but extremely vascular can result in bleeding
Bone marrow - most preferred
Blood
BAL (HIV)

62
Q

M/E finding in case of Leishmania

A

Amastigote (LD- Leishman Donovan Bodies) - Absent flagella, Nucleus Kinetoplasm

63
Q

Blood test preformed in case of Leishmania

A

Pancytopenia
Hypergammaglobunemia - Napier’s Aldehyde test, Chopra’s antimony test

64
Q

Skin test performed in case of Leishmania

A

Montenegro test (Type 4 HS)

65
Q

Culture media used in case of Leishmania

A

NNN (Novy Nicolle McNeal) medium

66
Q

Treatment or Leishmania

A

Liposomal Amphotericin B

67
Q

Post Kala azar Dermal Leishmaniasis seen after how many years of treatment and C/F

A

1 to 2 years after treatment
C/F - Hypopigmented nodules

68
Q

DOC in case of Post Kala azar Leishmaniasis

A

Miltefosine

69
Q

Leishmania tropica causes

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - erythematous border, exudate in centre

70
Q

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis AKA

A

Oriental sore/Delhi boil/Baghdad boil/Chiclero ulcer

71
Q

Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

72
Q

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis/Espudia is caused by

A

Leishmania Bransiliensis

73
Q

Treatment of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

74
Q

Leishmaniasis Recidivans AKA and C/F

A

Relapsing Leishmaniasis
Often due to inadequate treatment
Nodular lesions or rash around Central healing

Microbiology (37 decks)

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