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Microbiology > Bacterial Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Bacterial Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Capsule of bacteria is

A

Tough/well demarcated
Prevents phagocytosis by preventing Opsonization

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2
Q

Slime layer of bacteria is

A

Very Loose or undemarcated

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3
Q

Capsule and Slime layer both present in which organism

A

Streptococcus Salivaris

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4
Q

Organisms containing Capsule

A

Pretty and Nice Capsules
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis
Vibrio Parahemolyticus
Clostridium perfringes
Yersinia pestis
Neisseria meningicoccus
Hemophilus influenza
Cryptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus anthracis

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5
Q

All capsules are made up of

A

Polysaccharides

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6
Q

Which bacteria capsules are not made up of Polysaccharides

A

Yersinia pestis - F1 PEPTIDE
B. Anthracis - Polypeptide
S. Pyogenes - Hyaluronic acid capsule

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7
Q

Which organism have microcapsule

A

S. Aureus

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8
Q

Demonstration of capsule is done by

A

Mc Fadyeans Reaction
Quellung Reaction/Neufeld Reaction

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9
Q

Mc Fadyean’s Reaction

A

Used for demonstration of Capsule
Add Polychrome Methylene blue - Purple color around capsule
Example - B. Anthracis

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10
Q

Quellung Reaction

A

For demonstration of capsule
Capsule Antigen + add Antisera - results in swelling around capsule
Example - Pneumococcus

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11
Q

3 A’s of Slime layer

A

Antibiotic resistance
Adherence
Anti phagocytic

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12
Q

Difference in thickness between gram Positive and Negative

A

Gram +ve - 100 layers thick
Gram -ve - 1-2 layer thickness

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13
Q

Difference in lipid content in Gram positive and negative

A

Gram Positive - 2-5%
Gram Negative - 15-50%

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14
Q

Composition of Gram Positive Cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan
Lipoproteins
Teichoic acid

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15
Q

Composition of cell wall of Gram negative organisms

A

Lipopolysaccharides
Lipoprotein
Peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Outer membrane, Periplasmic space and Porins are seen in cell wall of which organisms

A

Gram Negative organisms

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17
Q

Regions of Lipopolysaccharides

A

OPA
Region 1 - O antigen (Most variable)
Region 2 - Core Polysaccharide
Region 3 - Lipid A (endotoxin activities)

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18
Q

Composition of Tetrapeptide chain of Gram Positive Organisms

A

AGLA
Alanine
Glutamine
Lysine
Alanine

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19
Q

Pentapeptide mass bridge is seen in

A

Gram Positive Organisms

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20
Q

Demonstration of cell wall is done by

A

RMP Dr
Reaction with Antibody
Mechanical rupture of cell/Microdissection
Palsmolysis
Dr - Differential staining

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21
Q

Endotoxins are usually seen in which organisms

A

Gram negative Bacteria

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22
Q

Only gram Positive Organism containing Endotoxin

A

Listeria

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23
Q

Exotoxin can be seen in which organisms

A

Both gram Positive and Negative

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24
Q

Effect of heat on Endotoxin and Exotoxin

A

Endotoxin - Heat stable
Exotoxin - Heat liable

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25
Endotoxins and Exotoxin are made up of
Endotoxin - Lipopolysaccharides Exotoxin - Proteins
26
Antigenicity of Endotoxin and Exotoxin
Endotoxin - Low antigenicity Exotoxin - High Antigenicity
27
Effect of Endotoxin and Exotoxin
Endotoxin - Constant effect Exotoxin - Variable effect
28
Endotoxin and Exotoxin are released on
Endotoxin - released on lysis of cells Exotoxin - released as secretions except Botulinum toxin
29
Which type of toxin is need in large amount to create efftects
Endotoxin
30
Types of L form
Stable L form Unstable L form
31
Stable L form means
Unable to revert to original form Ex - Mycoplasma
32
Unstable L form means
Lose their cell wall with penicillin Can revert back to original form
33
Types of Unstable L forms
Protoplast - seen in gram Positive, entire cell wall is lost Spheroplast - Gram negative, some part of cell wall remains
34
Ribosomes found in bacteria
70S (50S+30S)
35
Nucleus of bacteria contains
Single circular dsDNA
36
Which structure functions as respiratory unit in bacteria
Mesosomes
37
Mesosomes are prominent in gram Positive or negative
Gram Positive, seen in both
38
Antigen present in Flagella
H antigen
39
Endoflagella is seen in
Spirochetes Origin - Periplasmic space
40
Parts of Flagella
Basal body Hook Filament
41
Classification of Flagella according to location
Monotrichous Amphitrichous Lophotrichous Peritrichous
42
Examples of Monotrichous flagella
Vibrio Cholera Pseudomonas
43
Example of Lophotrichous flagella
Helicobacter pylori
44
Example of Peritrichous Flagella
Proteus E coli
45
Types of Motility
Tumbling - Listeria Darting - Vibrio, Campylobacter Corkscrew - Treponema Twitching - Trichomonas vaginalis Swarming Falling leaf - Giardia Lamblia (Girata hua leaf) Differential motility - motile at 22-25° and non motile at 37° - Yersinosis, Listeriosis
46
Examples of Swarming motility
PVCS Proteus Vibrio Parahemolyticus C. Tetani, bacillus cereus Serratia
47
Demonstration of Motility is done by
Hanging drop motility Semi solid agar method - 0.5% Semi solid agar Craiges tube U tube
48
Stain and Microscope used to visualize Flagella
Leifson and Ryu stain Dark Field Microscope
49
Functions of Fimbriae/Pili
Adhesion Antigenic Conjugation Type 4 Pili - Helps in locomotion (Neisseria)
50
Spores forming organisms
Bacillus - Non bulging Clostridium - Bulging
51
Types of Spores based on Location
Central Subterminal Terminal
52
Examples of Central Spores
B. Cereus C. Bifermentans
53
Examples of subterminal spores
C. Tetani - Drumstick appearance C. Tertium - tennis racket appearance
54
Parts of spore from innermost to outer
Core - Dipicolinic acid (makes it heat resistant) Cortex Coat (Chemical resistant) Exosporium
55
Stains used for spores
Zeihl Neelsen Stain 0.5% H2SO4 Schaeffer and Fulton/Modified Ashby Moeller stain
56
Only Prokaryote which lacks cell wall
Mycoplasma
57
Prokaryote having Sterols in cell membrane
Mycoplasma
58
Prokaryote lacking muramic acid in cell wall
Chlamydia
59
Cocci in clusters(Bunch of grapes)
Staphylococcus aureus
60
Cocci in chains
Streptococcus
61
Cocci in Pairs (Diplococci)
Pneumococcus
62
Lens shaped cocci
Neisseria Meningitidis
63
Kidney shaped cocci
Neisseria gonorrhea
64
Cocci in tetrads
Micrococcus
65
Spectacle like appearance
Enterococcus
66
Bacilli with Bamboo stick appearance
Bacillus anthracis
67
Diplobacilli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
68
Branching Filamentous Bacilli
Nocardia Actinomyces
69
Curved bacilli
Vibrio Bacters
70
Spiral bacilli
Spirochetes
71
Pleomorphic bacilli
H. Influenza Brucella
72
Population doubling time of E.coli, M. TB and M. Leprae
E coli - 20 min M Tb - 20hrs M leprae - 20days
73
Capnophilic bacteria (CO2 loving)
Campylobacter
74
Examples of Obligate aerobes
M Tb Legionella Nocardia Pseudomonas Bacillus Brucella Bordetella
75
Examples of Obligate Anaerobes
Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces
76
Facultative anaerobes
Staphylococcus Streptococcus Enterobacteriacea Hemophilus Vibrio
77
Example of Acidophilic bacteria
Lactobacillus
78
Example of Alkalophiles
Vibrio
79
Bacteria classification according to temperature
Psychrophiles(less than 20) Mesophiles Thermophiles (55-80°)
80
Size of bacteria increase in which phase of Bacterial growth curve
Lag phase
81
Maximum size of bacteria is seen after which phase
At end of lag phase
82
In which phase bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics
Log phase
83
Maximum metabolic activity is seen in which phase
Log phase
84
What happens in Stationary phase
STAB Sporulation Exotoxin Antibiotic production Bacteriocin production

Microbiology (37 decks)

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