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Bacterial Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Capsule of bacteria is

A

Tough/well demarcated
Prevents phagocytosis by preventing Opsonization

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2
Q

Slime layer of bacteria is

A

Very Loose or undemarcated

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3
Q

Capsule and Slime layer both present in which organism

A

Streptococcus Salivaris

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4
Q

Organisms containing Capsule

A

Pretty and Nice Capsules
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis
Vibrio Parahemolyticus
Clostridium perfringes
Yersinia pestis
Neisseria meningicoccus
Hemophilus influenza
Cryptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus anthracis

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5
Q

All capsules are made up of

A

Polysaccharides

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6
Q

Which bacteria capsules are not made up of Polysaccharides

A

Yersinia pestis - F1 PEPTIDE
B. Anthracis - Polypeptide
S. Pyogenes - Hyaluronic acid capsule

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7
Q

Which organism have microcapsule

A

S. Aureus

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8
Q

Demonstration of capsule is done by

A

Mc Fadyeans Reaction
Quellung Reaction/Neufeld Reaction

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9
Q

Mc Fadyean’s Reaction

A

Used for demonstration of Capsule
Add Polychrome Methylene blue - Purple color around capsule
Example - B. Anthracis

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10
Q

Quellung Reaction

A

For demonstration of capsule
Capsule Antigen + add Antisera - results in swelling around capsule
Example - Pneumococcus

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11
Q

3 A’s of Slime layer

A

Antibiotic resistance
Adherence
Anti phagocytic

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12
Q

Difference in thickness between gram Positive and Negative

A

Gram +ve - 100 layers thick
Gram -ve - 1-2 layer thickness

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13
Q

Difference in lipid content in Gram positive and negative

A

Gram Positive - 2-5%
Gram Negative - 15-50%

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14
Q

Composition of Gram Positive Cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan
Lipoproteins
Teichoic acid

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15
Q

Composition of cell wall of Gram negative organisms

A

Lipopolysaccharides
Lipoprotein
Peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Outer membrane, Periplasmic space and Porins are seen in cell wall of which organisms

A

Gram Negative organisms

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17
Q

Regions of Lipopolysaccharides

A

OPA
Region 1 - O antigen (Most variable)
Region 2 - Core Polysaccharide
Region 3 - Lipid A (endotoxin activities)

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18
Q

Composition of Tetrapeptide chain of Gram Positive Organisms

A

AGLA
Alanine
Glutamine
Lysine
Alanine

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19
Q

Pentapeptide mass bridge is seen in

A

Gram Positive Organisms

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20
Q

Demonstration of cell wall is done by

A

RMP Dr
Reaction with Antibody
Mechanical rupture of cell/Microdissection
Palsmolysis
Dr - Differential staining

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21
Q

Endotoxins are usually seen in which organisms

A

Gram negative Bacteria

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22
Q

Only gram Positive Organism containing Endotoxin

A

Listeria

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23
Q

Exotoxin can be seen in which organisms

A

Both gram Positive and Negative

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24
Q

Effect of heat on Endotoxin and Exotoxin

A

Endotoxin - Heat stable
Exotoxin - Heat liable

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25
Q

Endotoxins and Exotoxin are made up of

A

Endotoxin - Lipopolysaccharides
Exotoxin - Proteins

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26
Q

Antigenicity of Endotoxin and Exotoxin

A

Endotoxin - Low antigenicity
Exotoxin - High Antigenicity

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27
Q

Effect of Endotoxin and Exotoxin

A

Endotoxin - Constant effect
Exotoxin - Variable effect

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28
Q

Endotoxin and Exotoxin are released on

A

Endotoxin - released on lysis of cells
Exotoxin - released as secretions except Botulinum toxin

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29
Q

Which type of toxin is need in large amount to create efftects

A

Endotoxin

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30
Q

Types of L form

A

Stable L form
Unstable L form

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31
Q

Stable L form means

A

Unable to revert to original form
Ex - Mycoplasma

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32
Q

Unstable L form means

A

Lose their cell wall with penicillin
Can revert back to original form

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33
Q

Types of Unstable L forms

A

Protoplast - seen in gram Positive, entire cell wall is lost
Spheroplast - Gram negative, some part of cell wall remains

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34
Q

Ribosomes found in bacteria

A

70S (50S+30S)

35
Q

Nucleus of bacteria contains

A

Single circular dsDNA

36
Q

Which structure functions as respiratory unit in bacteria

37
Q

Mesosomes are prominent in gram Positive or negative

A

Gram Positive, seen in both

38
Q

Antigen present in Flagella

39
Q

Endoflagella is seen in

A

Spirochetes
Origin - Periplasmic space

40
Q

Parts of Flagella

A

Basal body
Hook
Filament

41
Q

Classification of Flagella according to location

A

Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous

42
Q

Examples of Monotrichous flagella

A

Vibrio Cholera
Pseudomonas

43
Q

Example of Lophotrichous flagella

A

Helicobacter pylori

44
Q

Example of Peritrichous Flagella

A

Proteus
E coli

45
Q

Types of Motility

A

Tumbling - Listeria
Darting - Vibrio, Campylobacter
Corkscrew - Treponema
Twitching - Trichomonas vaginalis
Swarming
Falling leaf - Giardia Lamblia (Girata hua leaf)
Differential motility - motile at 22-25° and non motile at 37° - Yersinosis, Listeriosis

46
Q

Examples of Swarming motility

A

PVCS
Proteus
Vibrio Parahemolyticus
C. Tetani, bacillus cereus
Serratia

47
Q

Demonstration of Motility is done by

A

Hanging drop motility
Semi solid agar method - 0.5% Semi solid agar
Craiges tube
U tube

48
Q

Stain and Microscope used to visualize Flagella

A

Leifson and Ryu stain
Dark Field Microscope

49
Q

Functions of Fimbriae/Pili

A

Adhesion
Antigenic
Conjugation
Type 4 Pili - Helps in locomotion (Neisseria)

50
Q

Spores forming organisms

A

Bacillus - Non bulging
Clostridium - Bulging

51
Q

Types of Spores based on Location

A

Central
Subterminal
Terminal

52
Q

Examples of Central Spores

A

B. Cereus
C. Bifermentans

53
Q

Examples of subterminal spores

A

C. Tetani - Drumstick appearance
C. Tertium - tennis racket appearance

54
Q

Parts of spore from innermost to outer

A

Core - Dipicolinic acid (makes it heat resistant)
Cortex
Coat (Chemical resistant)
Exosporium

55
Q

Stains used for spores

A

Zeihl Neelsen Stain 0.5% H2SO4
Schaeffer and Fulton/Modified Ashby
Moeller stain

56
Q

Only Prokaryote which lacks cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

57
Q

Prokaryote having Sterols in cell membrane

A

Mycoplasma

58
Q

Prokaryote lacking muramic acid in cell wall

59
Q

Cocci in clusters(Bunch of grapes)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

60
Q

Cocci in chains

A

Streptococcus

61
Q

Cocci in Pairs (Diplococci)

A

Pneumococcus

62
Q

Lens shaped cocci

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

63
Q

Kidney shaped cocci

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

64
Q

Cocci in tetrads

A

Micrococcus

65
Q

Spectacle like appearance

A

Enterococcus

66
Q

Bacilli with Bamboo stick appearance

A

Bacillus anthracis

67
Q

Diplobacilli

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

68
Q

Branching Filamentous Bacilli

A

Nocardia
Actinomyces

69
Q

Curved bacilli

A

Vibrio
Bacters

70
Q

Spiral bacilli

A

Spirochetes

71
Q

Pleomorphic bacilli

A

H. Influenza
Brucella

72
Q

Population doubling time of E.coli, M. TB and M. Leprae

A

E coli - 20 min
M Tb - 20hrs
M leprae - 20days

73
Q

Capnophilic bacteria (CO2 loving)

A

Campylobacter

74
Q

Examples of Obligate aerobes

A

M Tb
Legionella
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
Brucella
Bordetella

75
Q

Examples of Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

76
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterobacteriacea
Hemophilus
Vibrio

77
Q

Example of Acidophilic bacteria

A

Lactobacillus

78
Q

Example of Alkalophiles

79
Q

Bacteria classification according to temperature

A

Psychrophiles(less than 20)
Mesophiles
Thermophiles (55-80°)

80
Q

Size of bacteria increase in which phase of Bacterial growth curve

81
Q

Maximum size of bacteria is seen after which phase

A

At end of lag phase

82
Q

In which phase bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics

83
Q

Maximum metabolic activity is seen in which phase

84
Q

What happens in Stationary phase

A

STAB
Sporulation
Exotoxin
Antibiotic production
Bacteriocin production

Microbiology (37 decks)

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