Sjögren's syndrome Flashcards
What is Sjögren’s syndrome?
This is an autoimmune condition that affects the exocrine glands, characterised by lymphocytic infiltrates
Who is most likely to get Sjögren’s syndrome?
Females (9:1)
Middle aged women
What are some causes of secondary Sjögren’s syndrome?
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
What are the 2 main antibodies associated with Sjögren’s syndrome?
Anti-SS-A => Anti-Rho antibodies
Anti-SS-B => Anti-La antibodies
Describe the pathophysiology of Sjögren’s syndrome?
This condition occurs when lymphocytes infiltrate the exocrine glands, mostly the lacrimal or salivary glands, therefore causing dry eye and mouth
What are some common presentations in Sjögrens syndrome?
Dry (Gritty) eyes
Dry mouth (-> Fissured tongue)
Dry throat
Vaginal dryness
Joint pains
Fatigue
What are some clinical signs of Sjögren’s syndrome?
Bilateral parotid gland enlargement
Unexplained increase in dental visits
What are some possible complications of Sjögren’s syndrome ?
Lymphoma development
Peripheral neuropathy
Interstitial lung disease
What tests are required in diagnosis of Sjögren’s disease?
Clinical examination and testing
Blood tests
Gland biopsy (Uncommon)
What is the main clinical test available for Sjögrens syndrome?
Schirmers test
What is Schimers test?
This is a test in which is piece of filter paper is placed under the bottom eyelid for 5 minutes, after which the distance travelled by the liquid is measured
What is a normal Schirmer’s test result?
15mm is normal for a young, healthy adult
What Schemer’s test value is significant for Sjögren’s syndrome?
<10mm
What will blood tests usually show in Sjögren’s disease?
Anti-rho antibody positive
Anti-La antibody positive
Possible raised PV
Possible raised IgG
How are dry eyes managed in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Polyvinyl eye drops during the day
Carbomer eye gel during the night
How can dry mouth be treated in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Artificial saliva
What new treatment option is available for treatment of dry eyes and mouth in Sjögrens syndrome?
Pilocarpine can also be used for dry eyes and mouth as they stimulate muscarinic receptors, stimulating the parasympathetic nerves and promoting salivary and lacrimal gland secretion
What treatment option is available for arthralgia and fatigue in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Hydroxychloroquine
What may be used in cases of further organ involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Other immunosuppresents, e.g. methotrexate
