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Musculoskeletal > Forearm and arm fractures > Flashcards

Forearm and arm fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form a ring in the forearm?

A

Ulna
Radius

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2
Q

What are some possible fracture patterns in forearm fractures?

A
  • Monteggia fracture
  • Galeazzi fractures
  • Gearstick fracture
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3
Q

What are Monteggia fractures?

A

Monteggia fractures are ulnar shaft fractures with radial head dislocation most commonly occurring in children

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4
Q

What are Galeazzi fractures?

A

Galeazzi fractures are radial shaft fractures with ulnar dislocation at the wrist

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5
Q

What are Nightstick fractures?

A

Nightstick fractures are fractures to the ulnar shaft, usually caused by defence against a blunt object (Hence gearstick, as common in police use of nightsticks)

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6
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Monteggia fracture

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7
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Galeazzi fracture

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8
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Nightstick fracture

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9
Q

How are forearm fractures in children commonly managed?

A

Conservative management using a cast is common in children, as they heal more quickly than an adult would

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10
Q

When is surgical management used in forearm fracture?

A

If there is fracture to both bones or dislocation, surgical management is common to re-establish rotational control

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11
Q

What is the main surgical management in forearm fracture?

A

ORIF

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of olecranon fracture?

A

Falling onto the elbow

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13
Q

What is a possible complication of olecranon fracture?

A

Damage to insertion of triceps tendon

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14
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Olecranon fracture

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15
Q

What is the main conservative management of olecranon fracture?

A

Casting

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16
Q

What are some forms of surgical management used in olecranon fracture?

A

Tension band wiring
ORIF

17
Q

What does tension band wiring involve?

A

Tension band wiring involves a figure-of-8 wire being passed around the fracture

18
Q

What are some possible causes of humeral shaft fracture?

A

Falls
Direct trauma

19
Q

What fracture patterns are usually found in humeral shaft fractures caused by falls?

A

Oblique fracture
Spiral fracture

20
Q

What fracture patterns are usually found in humeral shaft fractures caused by direct trauma?

A

Transverse fractures
Comminuted fractures

21
Q

Why do most humeral shaft fractures require only conservative management?

A

They have a very good blood supply so most will not require surgery

22
Q

What are some forms of conservative management in humeral shaft fracture?

A

Humeral brace
U-slab cast (Uncommon)

23
Q

What are some surgical managements of humeral shaft fracture?

A

IM nailing
ORIF

24
Q

What nerve is at risk of damage in humeral shaft fracture?

A

Radial nerve

25
Q

What clinical sign will be present if there is radial nerve damage in humeral shaft fracture?

A

Wrist drop

26
Q

Where is the most common site of proximal humerus fracture?

A

Surgical neck of the humerus

27
Q

Who is most likely to fracture their surgical neck of humerus?

A

Osteoporotic patients during low energy falls

28
Q

What nerve is at risk in surgical neck of humerus fracture?

A

Axillary nerve

29
Q

What is the clinical sign associated with axillary nerve damage in surgical neck of humerus fracture?

A

Loss of full abduction

30
Q

Who is conservative management of humerus surgical neck used in?

A

Elderly

31
Q

What is involved in conservative management of proximal humeral fracture?

A

Colar and cuff

32
Q

Who is surgical management of humerus surgical neck used in?

A

Severe cases
Young patients

33
Q

What surgical management option is used in proximal humeral fracture?

A

ORIF
Shoulder replacement

34
Q
A

Musculoskeletal (123 decks)

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