Forearm and arm fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form a ring in the forearm?

A

Ulna
Radius

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2
Q

What are some possible fracture patterns in forearm fractures?

A
  • Monteggia fracture
  • Galeazzi fractures
  • Gearstick fracture
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3
Q

What are Monteggia fractures?

A

Monteggia fractures are ulnar shaft fractures with radial head dislocation most commonly occurring in children

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4
Q

What are Galeazzi fractures?

A

Galeazzi fractures are radial shaft fractures with ulnar dislocation at the wrist

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5
Q

What are Nightstick fractures?

A

Nightstick fractures are fractures to the ulnar shaft, usually caused by defence against a blunt object (Hence gearstick, as common in police use of nightsticks)

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6
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Monteggia fracture

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7
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Galeazzi fracture

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8
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Nightstick fracture

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9
Q

How are forearm fractures in children commonly managed?

A

Conservative management using a cast is common in children, as they heal more quickly than an adult would

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10
Q

When is surgical management used in forearm fracture?

A

If there is fracture to both bones or dislocation, surgical management is common to re-establish rotational control

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11
Q

What is the main surgical management in forearm fracture?

A

ORIF

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of olecranon fracture?

A

Falling onto the elbow

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13
Q

What is a possible complication of olecranon fracture?

A

Damage to insertion of triceps tendon

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14
Q

What is shown in this X-ray?

A

Olecranon fracture

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15
Q

What is the main conservative management of olecranon fracture?

A

Casting

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16
Q

What are some forms of surgical management used in olecranon fracture?

A

Tension band wiring
ORIF

17
Q

What does tension band wiring involve?

A

Tension band wiring involves a figure-of-8 wire being passed around the fracture

18
Q

What are some possible causes of humeral shaft fracture?

A

Falls
Direct trauma

19
Q

What fracture patterns are usually found in humeral shaft fractures caused by falls?

A

Oblique fracture
Spiral fracture

20
Q

What fracture patterns are usually found in humeral shaft fractures caused by direct trauma?

A

Transverse fractures
Comminuted fractures

21
Q

Why do most humeral shaft fractures require only conservative management?

A

They have a very good blood supply so most will not require surgery

22
Q

What are some forms of conservative management in humeral shaft fracture?

A

Humeral brace
U-slab cast (Uncommon)

23
Q

What are some surgical managements of humeral shaft fracture?

A

IM nailing
ORIF

24
Q

What nerve is at risk of damage in humeral shaft fracture?

A

Radial nerve

25
What clinical sign will be present if there is radial nerve damage in humeral shaft fracture?
Wrist drop
26
Where is the most common site of proximal humerus fracture?
Surgical neck of the humerus
27
Who is most likely to fracture their surgical neck of humerus?
Osteoporotic patients during low energy falls
28
What nerve is at risk in surgical neck of humerus fracture?
Axillary nerve
29
What is the clinical sign associated with axillary nerve damage in surgical neck of humerus fracture?
Loss of full abduction
30
Who is conservative management of humerus surgical neck used in?
Elderly
31
What is involved in conservative management of proximal humeral fracture?
Colar and cuff
32
Who is surgical management of humerus surgical neck used in?
Severe cases Young patients
33
What surgical management option is used in proximal humeral fracture?
ORIF Shoulder replacement
34