Scoliosis

Question 1

What is scoliosis?

Answer 1

A spinal deformity with a coronal (Sideways) curve

Question 2

What are some causes of scoliosis? (6)

Answer 2

Idiopathic
Congenital
Neuromuscular disease
Spinal pathology (e.g. tumour, degeneration, sciatica)
Unequal leg length
Connective tissue disease

Question 3

How will sciatica present with a scoliosis?

Answer 3

In cases of sciatica, the spine may malform to move out of pain, however, when pain is relieved, the scoliosis should be reverted to normal

Question 4

What are the 4 age classifications of scoliosis?

Answer 4

Congenital (Birth)
Juvenile (Under 10)
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (10-18)
Adult (Over 18)

Question 5

How will patients usually present with scoliosis?

Answer 5

Visible spinal deformity
Back pain
Prominent rib hump
Shoulder asymmetry
Iliac spine asymmetry

Question 6

How is scoliosis usually diagnosed?

Answer 6

Clinical examination with a positive Adams test, in which bending will show a rib hump

Question 7

What imaging methods can be used in the diagnosis of scoliosis?

Answer 7

Whole spine x-ray or CT scan to sow shape of the spine
MRI in cases of abnormal neurological examination

Question 8

How is scoliosis usually managed?

Answer 8

Management of scoliosis depends on maturity, severity and progression but usually includes observation, followed by either bracing or surgery in which the spine can be fused to the pelvis, although this heaving restricts movement