Disorders of development

Question 1

What are the 7 points of Swanson’s classification, of causes of failure of development?

Answer 1

Failures of formation
Failure of separation
Hypoplasia
Overgrowth
Duplication
Constriction ring syndromes
Skeletal dysplasia

Question 2

What are the 2 types of failure of formation?

Answer 2

Transverse
Longitudinal

Question 3

What is a condition occurring due to a transverse failure of formation?

Answer 3

Congenital amputation stumps

Question 4

What are some conditions occurring due to a longitudinal failure of formation?

Answer 4

• Phocomelia
• Radial club hand
• Ulnar club hand
• Tibial hemiamelia
• Fibular hemiamelia
• Cleft hand

Question 5

What are the 2 types of failure of separation?

Answer 5

Soft tissue
Skeletal

Question 6

What are some soft tissue failures of separation?

Answer 6

• Simple syndactyly
• Trigger thumb

Question 7

What are some skeletal failures of separation?

Answer 7

• Synostoses
• Coalitions
• Complex syndactyly

Question 8

What are some conditions resulting from hypoplasia?

Answer 8

• Radial dysplasia
• Brachydactyly
• Fibular dysplasia

Question 9

What is a developmental condition caused by overgrowth?

Answer 9

Hemihypertrophy

Question 10

What are some failures of development conditions caused by duplication?

Answer 10

• Polydactyly
• Mirror hand

Question 11

What condition is caused by constriction ring syndrome?

Answer 11

Amniotic band syndrome