Anatomy of the upper limb

Question 1

What are the 4 main regions of the upper limb?

Answer 1

Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hand

Question 2

What are the 2 compartments of the arm proper?

Answer 2

Anterior
Posterior

Question 3

What are the 2 compartments of the forearm?

Answer 3

Anterior
Posterior

Question 4

What are the 2 compartments of the hand?

Answer 4

Anterior
Posterior

Question 5

What type of joints are the carpometacarpal joints?

Answer 5

Synovial saddle joints

Question 6

What types of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

Answer 6

Synovial condyloid

Question 7

What are the 13 muscles that support the shoulder girdle

Answer 7

• Serratus anterior
• Pectoralis major
• Pectoralis minor
• Latissimus dorsi
• Trapezius
• Rhomboid major
• Rhomboid minor
• Deltoid
• Teres major
• Teres minor
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Subscapularis

Question 8

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

Answer 8

Long thoracic

Question 9

What nerve supplies the pectorals major?

Answer 9

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Question 10

What nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?

Answer 10

Medial pectoral nerve

Question 11

What nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 11

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 12

What nerve supplies the trapezius?

Answer 12

Cranial nerve XI (Adbucens)

Question 13

What nerve supplies the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

Answer 13

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 14

What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor?

Answer 14

Axillary nerve

Question 15

What nerve supplies the teres major and subscapularis?

Answer 15

TM -> Lower sub scapular nerve
S -> Upper and lower sub scapular nerve

Question 16

What nerve supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

Answer 16

Suprascapular nerve

Question 17

Which muscles form the rotator cuff?

Answer 17

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Question 18

What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm proper?

Answer 18

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 19

What is the function of the anterior compartment muscles of the arm?

Answer 19

Flexion of the arm and forearm

Question 20

What muscle innervates the anterior muscles of the arm proper?

Answer 20

Musculocutaneous

Question 21

Which muscle is the only posterior compartment muscle of the arm proper?

Answer 21

Triceps brachii

Question 22

What is the function of the triceps brachii?

Answer 22

Extension of the arm and forearm

Question 23

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

Answer 23

Radial nerve

Question 24

What are the 3 layers of muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 24

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

Question 25

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial anterior layer of the forearm?

Answer 25

- Pronator teres - Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor capri ulnaris - Palmaris longus

Question 26

What muscle is found in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

Answer 26

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 27

What are the 3 muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

Answer 27

Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus

Question 28

What nerves innervate the muscles of the anterior forearm?

Answer 28

All of these are innervated by the median nerve, except for the flexor capri ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus, which are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 29

What are the functions of the anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 29

Flexion of the wrists and digits, abduction and adduction of the wrist, and pronation of the forearm

Question 30

What are the 2 layers of the posterior forearm?

Answer 30

Superficial Deep

Question 31

What are the 7 muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

Answer 31

- Brachioradialis - Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Anconeus - Extensor digitorum - Extensor carpi ulnaris - Extensor digiti minimi

Question 32

What are the 5 muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm?

Answer 32

- Supinator - Abductor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis - Extensor indicis

Question 33

What are the 2 muscle groups of the anterior hand?

Answer 33

Thenar eminence (thenar - Thumb) Hypothenar eminence

Question 34

What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence?

Answer 34

- Abductor pollicis brevis - Flexor pollicis brevis - Opponens pollicis

Question 35

What are the 4 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 35

- Abductor digiti minimi - Flexor digiti minimi brevis - Opponens digiti minimi - Palmar brevis

Question 36

What are the 2 types of muscle found in the posterior hand?

Answer 36

Lumbricals Interossei (Dorsal and palmar)

Question 37

What nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

Answer 37

Medial nerve

Question 38

What nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 38

Ulnar nerve

Question 39

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 39

Abduction of the digits

Question 40

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

Answer 40

Adduction of the digit

Question 41

What nerve innervates the interossei?

Answer 41

Ulnar nerve

Question 42

To which tendons are the lumbricals attached to?

Answer 42

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 43

What nerve innervates the medial 2 lumbricals?

Answer 43

Median nerve

Question 44

What nerve innervates the lateral 2 lumbricals?

Answer 44

Ulnar nerves

Question 45

Which muscles of the hand are supplies by the median nerve (LOAF)?

Answer 45

L - Lumbricals (Medial 2) O - Oppenens pollucis A - Abductor pollicis brevis F - Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 46

Which nerve roots form the brachial plexus?

Answer 46

C5 - T1

Question 47

What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 47

Upper Middle Lower

Question 48

What nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 48

C5 + C6

Question 49

What nerve root forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 49

Middle trunk

Question 50

What nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 50

Lower trunk

Question 51

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

Answer 51

Lateral Posterior Medial

Question 52

What branch arises from the lateral cord only?

Answer 52

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 53

What branches arise from the posterior cord only?

Answer 53

Axillary + Radial

Question 54

What branch arises from the medial cord only?

Answer 54

Median nerve

Question 55

What nerve arises from the joining of the lateral and medial cords?

Answer 55

Median nerve

Question 56

What nerve arises before the division of the C5, 6 and 7 nerve roots?

Answer 56

Long thoracic nerve

Question 57

What nerve arises before the division of C5?

Answer 57

Dorsal scapula

Question 58

What nerves leave the upper trunk before division?

Answer 58

Suprascapular and nerve to subclavius

Question 59

What nerve leaves the lateral cord before branching?

Answer 59

Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 60

What nerves leave the posterior cord before branching?

Answer 60

Upper sub-scapular Thoracodorsal Lower sub-scapular

Question 61

What nerves leave the medial cord before branching?

Answer 61

Medial pectoral Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm Medial cutaneous of the forearm

Question 62

What are the 5 stages of the brachial plexus?

Answer 62

Really - Roots Tired - Trunks Drink - Division Coffee - Cords Now - Nerves (Branches)

Question 63

What is contained in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 63

- 4 ligaments of the flexor digitorum superficialis - 4 ligaments of flexor digtorum profundus - 1 ligament of flexor pollicis longus - Median nerve

Question 64

Describe the arterial supply from the heart to hand?

Answer 64

Aorta Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Ulnar + Radial artery Radial => Deep palmar arch (Connects to ulnar) Ulnar => Superficial palmar arch (Connects to radial)

Question 65

What are the 2 main anastomoses within the upper limb?

Answer 65

Elbow Scapular

Question 66

What are the 3 main arterial branches forming the scapular anastamosis?

Answer 66

- Suprascapular artery - Dorsal scapular artery - Circumflex scapular artery

Question 67

What are the 2 main veins running through the upper limb?

Answer 67

Cephalic vein (Lateral) Basilic vein (Medial)

Question 68

What is the main connecting vein between the basilica and cephalic veins?

Answer 68

Median cubital vein

Question 69

What are the veins that accompany the brachial artery known as?

Answer 69

Vena comitantes

Question 70

Through what space does the axillary nerveless through?

Answer 70

Quadrangular space

Question 71

Describe the route of the radial nerve

Answer 71

The radial nerve is found in the medial side of the arm proper, passing to the posterior compartment of the arm and passing round the humorous as the radial groove This then branches into the superficial branch (sensory) and posterior interosseous nerve (Motor)

Question 72

Describe the route of the median nerve

Answer 72

The medial nerve runs medially in the arm and passes anterior to the elbow joint Here, it runs within the cubital fossa, alongside the brachial artery and tendon of the biceps brachii

Question 73

Describe the route of the ulnar nerve

Answer 73

The ulnar nerve is medial within the arm and runs with the median nerve, before moving posteriorly It runs posteriorly between the medial epicondyle and olecranon process, into the cubital tunnel It branches in the forearm to supply the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus (Medial) and then into the hand with the ulnar artery and vein

Question 74

Describe the sensory nerves of the hand surface

Answer 74