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Anatomy of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the upper limb?

A

Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hand

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2
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the arm proper?

A

Anterior
Posterior

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3
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the forearm?

A

Anterior
Posterior

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4
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the hand?

A

Anterior
Posterior

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5
Q

What type of joints are the carpometacarpal joints?

A

Synovial saddle joints

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6
Q

What types of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Synovial condyloid

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7
Q

What are the 13 muscles that support the shoulder girdle

A
  • Serratus anterior
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Trapezius
  • Rhomboid major
  • Rhomboid minor
  • Deltoid
  • Teres major
  • Teres minor
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
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8
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the pectorals major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve XI (Adbucens)

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the teres major and subscapularis?

A

TM -> Lower sub scapular nerve
S -> Upper and lower sub scapular nerve

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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17
Q

Which muscles form the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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18
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm proper?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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19
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment muscles of the arm?

A

Flexion of the arm and forearm

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20
Q

What muscle innervates the anterior muscles of the arm proper?

A

Musculocutaneous

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21
Q

Which muscle is the only posterior compartment muscle of the arm proper?

A

Triceps brachii

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22
Q

What is the function of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of the arm and forearm

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23
Q

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve

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24
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

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25
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial anterior layer of the forearm?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor capri ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
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26
Q

What muscle is found in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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27
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

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28
Q

What nerves innervate the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

All of these are innervated by the median nerve, except for the flexor capri ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus, which are innervated by the ulnar nerve

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29
Q

What are the functions of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

Flexion of the wrists and digits, abduction and adduction of the wrist, and pronation of the forearm

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30
Q

What are the 2 layers of the posterior forearm?

A

Superficial
Deep

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31
Q

What are the 7 muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Anconeus
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor digiti minimi
32
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm?

A
  • Supinator
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor indicis
33
Q

What are the 2 muscle groups of the anterior hand?

A

Thenar eminence (thenar - Thumb)
Hypothenar eminence

34
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollicis
35
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Opponens digiti minimi
  • Palmar brevis
36
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle found in the posterior hand?

A

Lumbricals
Interossei (Dorsal and palmar)

37
Q

What nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

A

Medial nerve

38
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

A

Ulnar nerve

39
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the digits

40
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the digit

41
Q

What nerve innervates the interossei?

A

Ulnar nerve

42
Q

To which tendons are the lumbricals attached to?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

43
Q

What nerve innervates the medial 2 lumbricals?

A

Median nerve

44
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral 2 lumbricals?

A

Ulnar nerves

45
Q

Which muscles of the hand are supplies by the median nerve (LOAF)?

A

L - Lumbricals (Medial 2)
O - Oppenens pollucis
A - Abductor pollicis brevis
F - Flexor pollicis brevis

46
Q

Which nerve roots form the brachial plexus?

47
Q

What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

48
Q

What nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

49
Q

What nerve root forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Middle trunk

50
Q

What nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Lower trunk

51
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

52
Q

What branch arises from the lateral cord only?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

53
Q

What branches arise from the posterior cord only?

A

Axillary + Radial

54
Q

What branch arises from the medial cord only?

A

Median nerve

55
Q

What nerve arises from the joining of the lateral and medial cords?

A

Median nerve

56
Q

What nerve arises before the division of the C5, 6 and 7 nerve roots?

A

Long thoracic nerve

57
Q

What nerve arises before the division of C5?

A

Dorsal scapula

58
Q

What nerves leave the upper trunk before division?

A

Suprascapular and nerve to subclavius

59
Q

What nerve leaves the lateral cord before branching?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

60
Q

What nerves leave the posterior cord before branching?

A

Upper sub-scapular
Thoracodorsal
Lower sub-scapular

61
Q

What nerves leave the medial cord before branching?

A

Medial pectoral
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous of the forearm

62
Q

What are the 5 stages of the brachial plexus?

A

Really - Roots
Tired - Trunks
Drink - Division
Coffee - Cords
Now - Nerves (Branches)

63
Q

What is contained in the carpal tunnel?

A
  • 4 ligaments of the flexor digitorum superficialis
  • 4 ligaments of flexor digtorum profundus
  • 1 ligament of flexor pollicis longus
  • Median nerve
64
Q

Describe the arterial supply from the heart to hand?

A

Aorta
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Ulnar + Radial artery
Radial => Deep palmar arch (Connects to ulnar)
Ulnar => Superficial palmar arch (Connects to radial)

65
Q

What are the 2 main anastomoses within the upper limb?

A

Elbow
Scapular

66
Q

What are the 3 main arterial branches forming the scapular anastamosis?

A
  • Suprascapular artery
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Circumflex scapular artery
67
Q

What are the 2 main veins running through the upper limb?

A

Cephalic vein (Lateral)
Basilic vein (Medial)

68
Q

What is the main connecting vein between the basilica and cephalic veins?

A

Median cubital vein

69
Q

What are the veins that accompany the brachial artery known as?

A

Vena comitantes

70
Q

Through what space does the axillary nerveless through?

A

Quadrangular space

71
Q

Describe the route of the radial nerve

A

The radial nerve is found in the medial side of the arm proper, passing to the posterior compartment of the arm and passing round the humorous as the radial groove

This then branches into the superficial branch (sensory) and posterior interosseous nerve (Motor)

72
Q

Describe the route of the median nerve

A

The medial nerve runs medially in the arm and passes anterior to the elbow joint

Here, it runs within the cubital fossa, alongside the brachial artery and tendon of the biceps brachii

73
Q

Describe the route of the ulnar nerve

A

The ulnar nerve is medial within the arm and runs with the median nerve, before moving posteriorly

It runs posteriorly between the medial epicondyle and olecranon process, into the cubital tunnel

It branches in the forearm to supply the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus (Medial) and then into the hand with the ulnar artery and vein

74
Q

Describe the sensory nerves of the hand surface

Musculoskeletal (123 decks)

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