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Human Biology Year 11 > Scientific method > Flashcards

Scientific method Flashcards

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1
Q

what does qualitative mean

A

means that it is an informative description

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2
Q

what does quantitative mean

A

refers to numerical results

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3
Q

what are the different types of graphs

A
  • histograms
  • column/ bar graph
  • line graph
  • scatter plot
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4
Q

histograms

A
  • can be used to show frequencies
  • continuous data is grouped into categories
  • no gaps
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5
Q

column/bar graph

A
  • used for discrete data
  • column graphs run vertically
  • bar graphs run horizontally
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6
Q

line graphs

A
  • data is continuous
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7
Q

scatter plot

A
  • is used to determine the correlation between data
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8
Q

what does TPLUGS stand for

A 
T - Title 
P - Plotting data correctly 
L - Labels on axes 
U - Units of measure 
G - graph types are appropriate for data displayed 
S - scale is consistent
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9
Q

what is reliability

A
  • refer to an experiment being able to be done many times with similar results
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10
Q

what is validity

A
  • refers to whether an experiment tests what it says it’s testing
  • a valid test must have all variables controlled except for the variable being tested
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11
Q

ethical problems and principles

A

ethics are a set of moral principles or values

V - voluntary participation 
I - Informed consent 
R - Risk of harm 
C - Confidentiality 
A - Anomity
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12
Q

what is a placebo

A
  • a placebo is an inactive substance that looks like the real medication
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13
Q

what is the placebo effect

A
  • is when the patient believes they are receiving real therapy which causes improvement
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14
Q

what is a blind experiment

A
  • occurs when the subjects don’t know if they are receiving the placebo or treatment
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15
Q

what is a double-blind experiment

A
  • occurs when the subjects and the researcher don’t know who belongs to the controlled and experimental group. in other words who is receiving the treatment or placebo
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16
Q

what is the difference between the experimental and control group

A
  • an experimental group receives the treatment whose effect researchers wish to study. the control group does not
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17
Q

what is a fair test

A
  • is an experiment that involves both experimental and controlled groups
18
Q

what is the independent variable

A
  • the factor that is being changed
19
Q

what is the dependent variable

A
  • the factor that is being measured
20
Q

what is the controlled variable

A
  • the factors who keep the same
21
Q

what are the different types of errors

A
  • random errors

- systematic errors

22
Q

what is a random error

A
  • are unpredictable errors that can occur in experiments. they occur because no measurement can be made with absolute precision
23
Q

what is a systematic error

A
  • an error that occurs in an experiment because of the way the experiment was designed
24
Q

what headings must be included in a scientific report

A
  • aim
  • introduction
  • method
  • results
  • discussion
  • references
  • acknowledgments
25
Q

aim

A

what am i trying to investigate

26
Q

introduction

A

to sate the research problem

27
Q

method

A

provide an extensive protocol for your experiment

28
Q

results

A

to present your data in a manner that is easy to read and interpret

29
Q

discussion

A

to discuss the relationship between your results and how they relate to your hypothesis

30
Q

references

A

to acknowledge sources

31
Q

acknowledgements

A

to thank those who were directly involved in your work

32
Q

types of investigations

A
  • observations
  • controlled experiments
  • surveys
  • trial and error
  • case studies
  • longitudinal studies
33
Q

observations

A

the use of senses to gather information

34
Q

controlled experiment

A

is a group that is used during treatment to make comparisons

35
Q

surveys

A

is a research method used for collecting data to gain information

36
Q

trial and error

A

the process of experimenting with various methods until you find the most successful

37
Q

case studies

A

an intensive study about a person, group or unit

38
Q

longitudinal studies

A

a type of study that involves looking at variables over an extended period of time

39
Q

outliers

A

is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values

40
Q

percentage change formula

A

old value - new value/ old value x 100

41
Q

accuracy

A

accuracy refers to how close a measuring result is to the actual result

42
Q

uncontrolled variable

A

factors in an experiment that are not kept the same between the experimental and controlled group

Human Biology Year 11 (79 decks)

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