Protein synthesis Flashcards
The role of DNA
The order in which nitrogenous bases occur determines the genetic code. The genes consist of up to 1000 base pairs. The genetic code provides instructions for protein synthesis.
What is protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the manufacture of large protein molecules from smaller molecules called amino acids. The proteins are long chain-like necklaces made from amino acids.
what are the two stages of protein synthesis?
- transcription
- translation
what is transcription
Transcription is the process of making an mRNA template
what is translation
The translation is using the mRNA template to manufacture the protein
Describe the process of transcription
- Gene of interest is identified
- Assemble the transcription factors and RNA polymerase
- The DNA “unzips” using the RNA polymerase
- As it unzips nucleotides are brought into building the mRNA
- The mRNA is a single strand and uracil has replaced thymine
draw a diagram representing the process of transcription
check your answer
describe the process of translation
- The mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore
- In the cytosol, the mRNA joins with a ribosome
- In the cytosol, there is a transfer of RNA
- The ribosome, reads the mRNA 3 bases at a time
- Transfer RNA is brought in by the ribosome until the correct anti-codon matches the codon
- The ribosome moves onto the next codon and the process is repeated until our protein is assembled
draw a diagram representing the process of translation
check your answer
what is transfer RNA
tRNA has a shape to match one of the 20 different amino acids. Each tRNA has an anticodon.
