Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

mitosis is responsible for growth, repair and replacement. It is a form of cell division and is a continuous process.

Question 2

what are the two main types of cells that can be divided in your body

Answer 2

1. somatic cells - body cell

2. germ cells - sex cells, gametes, sperm/ova

Question 3

what are three cell types’ life spans

Answer 3

tongue surface - 3.5 days
inside of the cheek - 10 days
nerve cell in the brain - 29200 days (80 + years)

Question 4

what are the different phases of mitosis

Answer 4

1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase

Question 5

describe the first growth phase of interphase

Answer 5

New proteins are produced, they grow and carry out normal tasks. Cells may re-enter the first growth phase again or they can rest for a few days, months or years in the G zero phase

Question 6

describe the synthesis phase of interphase

Answer 6

• DNA duplicates

- each chromosome copies itself

Question 7

describe the second growth phase of interphase

Answer 7

• Preparation for cell division

- molecules are assembled

Question 8

what is an example of a structure which grows during the second growth phase of interphase

Answer 8

Microtubules will assemble to form spindle fibres

Question 9

describe the process of prophase

Answer 9

The centrioles move to the poles and begin to produce spindle fibres. The nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes are released into the cytoplasm.

Question 10

draw a diagram representing the prophase

Answer 10

check your answer

Question 11

describe the process of metaphase

Answer 11

chromosomes line up around the equator of the cell. Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres and pull them to the poles of the cell

Question 12

draw a diagram representing metaphase

Answer 12

check your answer

Question 13

describe the process of anaphase

Answer 13

Chromosomes separate at the centromere and are pulled to the poles of the cell by spindle fibres

Question 14

draw a diagram representing anaphase

Answer 14

check your answer

Question 15

describe the process of telophase

Answer 15

Chromosomes form tight groups at each pole and nuclear membrane forms. The spindle fibres disappear and the cell is pinched into two daughter cells, initiating cytokinesis

Question 16

daw a diagram representing telophase

Answer 16

check your answer

Question 17

describe the process of cytokinesis

Answer 17

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. A furrow develops between two nuclei which deepens and cuts the cytoplasm in half, which results in two daughter cells

Question 18

draw a diagram representing cytokinesis

Answer 18

check your answer