blood clotting

Question 1

what are the different stages of blood clotting

Answer 1

1. thrombokinase
2. prothrombin
3. thrombin
4. fibrinogen
5. fibrin
6. blood cells trapped in the mesh
7. scabs

Question 2

describe thrombokinase

Answer 2

it is released from the ruptured platelets when they are exposed to air

Question 3

describe prothrombin

Answer 3

the thrombokinase enzyme attaches to the prothrombin protein (substrate) which forms a second enzyme

Question 4

describe thrombin

Answer 4

is the enzyme (product) formed from the reaction between the thrombokinase enzyme and prothrombin protein

Question 5

describe fibrinogen

Answer 5

the thrombin enzyme connects to the fibrinogen

Question 6

describe fibrin

Answer 6

fibrin is the insoluble product formed from the thrombin and fibrinogen reaction

Question 7

describe blood cells trapped in the mesh

Answer 7

fibrin threads form a mesh that traps blood cells, platelets and plasma. this mesh with its trapped material is the clot to thrombus

Question 8

describe scabs

Answer 8

a protective layer that covers the wound to allow a new layer of skin to form

Question 9

what happens when minor damage does to a blood vessel

Answer 9

1. arteries contract to reduce blood flow
2. platelets stick to rough surfaces and attach more platelets, acting as a plug
3. platelets release vasoconstrictor
4. plug and concentration is enough to stop bleeding

Question 10

what happens when major damage does to a blood vessel

Answer 10

1. platelet plug is not enough to stop bleeding
2. clotting factors present in plasma from fibrin
3. fibrin forms a mesh
4. mesh threads contract and bring sedges of blood vessels closer together
5. serum is squeezed out forming a scab

Question 11

what is a blood transfusion

Answer 11

• given to a person who has suffered excessive blood loss

- blood or blood product injected directly into the patient’s bloodstream