blood Flashcards
what are the components of blood
scientific name + types of white blood cells
- red blood cells - erythrocytes
- white blood cells - leucocytes
a) lymphocytes
b) granulocytes - platelets - thrombocytes
- plasma
what % do red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma make up the body’s blood
45%
what % does plasma make up the body’s blood
55%
what is 1mm^3 of blood equal to
4 grams of sugar
what is the function of red blood cells
to transport oxygen around the body
how long do red blood cells last
around 120 days
how many red blood cells are produced daily
billions
what is found inside a red blood cell
hemoglobin molecule
what happened to damaged red blood cells
damaged red blood cells are taken out by the liver and the haemoglobin is used to produce new red blood cells in the bone marrow
what are the types of white blood cells
- lymphocytes
- granulocytes
what are lymphocytes
have a specific immune response
what are granulocytes
will destroy anything that’s not a part of your body
what shape are red blood cells
it is a circular biconcave shaped
how do lymphocytes work
lymphocytes form antibodies that are specific to viruses which neutralise the virus
how do granulocytes work
Through the process of phagocytosis, the virus molecule enters the granulocytes. Digestive enzymes surround and destroy it
what is the function of platelets
responsible for clotting blood at wounds to prevent severe blood loss
what is the function of plasma
transport hormones, nutrients and proteins
transport of oxygen in the blood
- 3% of oxygen is carried in the blood plasma
- 97% of oxygen is carried in the red blood cells as haemoglobin
what do haemoglobin and oxygen form and where do they occur
- forms oxyhaemoglobin
- happens in the alveoli
what does carbominohaemoglobin form and where does it occur
- forms haemoglobin and carbon dioxide
- occurs in the tissue (low in oxygen)
transport of carbon dioxide in the blood
- 7% dissolved in plasma
- 22% combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemglobin
- 70% is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions
CO2 + H2O <> H2CO3 <> H^+ + HCO3^-
H2CO3 = carbonic acid
HCO3^- = hydrogen carbonate or bircarbonate
what do haemoglobin and carbon dioxide form
carbaminohaemoglobin
what are the 4 main blood groups
- A - antigen A
- B - antigen B
- AB - both antigen A and B
- O - no antigens
what are antigens
are protein molecules on the outside of the red blood cell
what happens if you have a positive blood type
if you have a positive blood type there are rhesus antigens surrounding the blood cell
what happens if you have a negative blood type
if you have a negative blood type there are no antigens surrounding the blood cell
what antibodies to the different blood groups have
A - make antibody B
B - make antibody A
AB - make no antibodies
O - make antibodies A and B
what is the function of white blood cells
White blood cells destroy bacteria in areas of injection.
what is haemoglobin
Carries up to 4 oxygen molecules and gives red blood cells their colour. Thye contain iron and associate and dissociate with oxygen
describe the transport of oxygen
When there is a high concentration of oxygen haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
When the blood reaches the tissue with a low concentration of oxygen the oxyhaemoglobin dissociates and oxygen is released into body tissues.
what do oxygen and haemoglobin form
oxygen + hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
what do carbon and haemoglobin form
carbon dioxide = hemoglobin = carbaminohemoglobin
