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Human Biology Year 11 > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the components of blood

scientific name + types of white blood cells

A
  1. red blood cells - erythrocytes
  2. white blood cells - leucocytes
    a) lymphocytes
    b) granulocytes
  3. platelets - thrombocytes
  4. plasma
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2
Q

what % do red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma make up the body’s blood

A

45%

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3
Q

what % does plasma make up the body’s blood

A

55%

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4
Q

what is 1mm^3 of blood equal to

A

4 grams of sugar

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5
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

to transport oxygen around the body

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6
Q

how long do red blood cells last

A

around 120 days

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7
Q

how many red blood cells are produced daily

A

billions

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8
Q

what is found inside a red blood cell

A

hemoglobin molecule

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9
Q

what happened to damaged red blood cells

A

damaged red blood cells are taken out by the liver and the haemoglobin is used to produce new red blood cells in the bone marrow

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10
Q

what are the types of white blood cells

A
  • lymphocytes

- granulocytes

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11
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

have a specific immune response

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12
Q

what are granulocytes

A

will destroy anything that’s not a part of your body

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13
Q

what shape are red blood cells

A

it is a circular biconcave shaped

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14
Q

how do lymphocytes work

A

lymphocytes form antibodies that are specific to viruses which neutralise the virus

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15
Q

how do granulocytes work

A

Through the process of phagocytosis, the virus molecule enters the granulocytes. Digestive enzymes surround and destroy it

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16
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

responsible for clotting blood at wounds to prevent severe blood loss

17
Q

what is the function of plasma

A

transport hormones, nutrients and proteins

18
Q

transport of oxygen in the blood

A
  • 3% of oxygen is carried in the blood plasma

- 97% of oxygen is carried in the red blood cells as haemoglobin

19
Q

what do haemoglobin and oxygen form and where do they occur

A
  • forms oxyhaemoglobin

- happens in the alveoli

20
Q

what does carbominohaemoglobin form and where does it occur

A
  • forms haemoglobin and carbon dioxide

- occurs in the tissue (low in oxygen)

21
Q

transport of carbon dioxide in the blood

A
  • 7% dissolved in plasma
  • 22% combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemglobin
  • 70% is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions

CO2 + H2O <> H2CO3 <> H^+ + HCO3^-
H2CO3 = carbonic acid
HCO3^- = hydrogen carbonate or bircarbonate

22
Q

what do haemoglobin and carbon dioxide form

A

carbaminohaemoglobin

23
Q

what are the 4 main blood groups

A
  • A - antigen A
  • B - antigen B
  • AB - both antigen A and B
  • O - no antigens
24
Q

what are antigens

A

are protein molecules on the outside of the red blood cell

25
Q

what happens if you have a positive blood type

A

if you have a positive blood type there are rhesus antigens surrounding the blood cell

26
Q

what happens if you have a negative blood type

A

if you have a negative blood type there are no antigens surrounding the blood cell

27
Q

what antibodies to the different blood groups have

A

A - make antibody B
B - make antibody A
AB - make no antibodies
O - make antibodies A and B

28
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A

White blood cells destroy bacteria in areas of injection.

29
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

Carries up to 4 oxygen molecules and gives red blood cells their colour. Thye contain iron and associate and dissociate with oxygen

30
Q

describe the transport of oxygen

A

When there is a high concentration of oxygen haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.

When the blood reaches the tissue with a low concentration of oxygen the oxyhaemoglobin dissociates and oxygen is released into body tissues.

31
Q

what do oxygen and haemoglobin form

A

oxygen + hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin

32
Q

what do carbon and haemoglobin form

A

carbon dioxide = hemoglobin = carbaminohemoglobin

Human Biology Year 11 (79 decks)

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