role of iron

Question 1

the body contains — grams of iron and our average daily intake is —-

Answer 1

• 2 to 4 grams
• 20mg

Question 2

ferrous reduced is —-
ferric oxidised form —-

Answer 2

fe+2
fe 3+

Question 3

the 2 forms of iron gained from our diet is :
the males have – grams of irons
females have —-
while children have —

Answer 3

• haem form foud in hb from animal source and non haem source form from veggies and pulses
• 4 grams
• 3.5
• 3 or less

Question 4

both haem iron and non haem iron hydrolysed by the enzyme —-

Answer 4

protease

Question 5

—- in the stomach also aids to release iron from food

Answer 5

HCl

Question 6

in the stomach most iron is —- which is favoured by —- of the stomach and —– such as vitamin c

Answer 6

• non-heam aka f+3
• low ph
• reducing agent

Question 7

absorption of the iron in small intestine:
1- iron must be — to enter the body
2- iron enters the body through a cell called —-

Answer 7

• fe+2
• enterocyte

Question 8

haem iron is entirely absorbed by — via —- this transporter is called —–. Fe+2 ia released from haem by —– in the entrocyte

Answer 8

• enterocyte via transport protein
• haem carrier protein 1
• haem oxidase

Question 9

non- haem iron at the — of the enterocyte , the fe+3 is reduced by —– to fe+2 , the transport of fe+2 into the enterocyte is via ——

Answer 9

• surface
• reductase caked DcytB aka duodenal cytochrome
• DMT1 aka divalent metal transporter 1 only

Question 10

iron inside the enterocyte is stored as cystolic iron called —– or transported across the basolateral bottom membrane via —- , the fe+2 is converted back to fe+3 by —- , fe+3 binds to — for transport around the body

Answer 10

-ferritin
-ferroportin FPN
- hephastin
- transferrin

Question 11

iron absorption is reduced by the presence of :

Answer 11

• tannins
• oxalate
• phylate
• inorganic phosphates
• phosphate containing antacids

Question 12

iron deficiency anaemia is reduced from —-

Answer 12

poor absorption

Question 13

iron is transported around the body in the — form as it attaches to —- and it has — affinity for it

Answer 13

fe+3
transferrin
- high

Question 14

—- refers to the fe+3 absence

Answer 14

apotransferrin

Question 15

transferrin-bound iron is carried to —-

Answer 15

stores and bone marrow

Question 16

iron enters the cell by —- via —– and a —- is formed and fe+3 is — and stored as — in the cytoplasm , the aptotransferrin is — to the surface of the cell

Answer 16

• endocytosis
• transferrin receptor
• CURL , compartment uncoupling of receptor
• released
  -ferritin
• recycled

Question 17

true or false:
most iron is stored in the ferrous state and it stored as part of the protein complex ferritin

Answer 17

false, ferric state fe+3

Question 18

protein forms a shll contains — fe+3 in the form of ——- crystals

Answer 18

• 3,000
• Ferric oxide hydroxide crystals FeOOH

Question 19

summary :
1- iron is transported around the body in the —- form attached to —-
2- iron is stored as part of the protein complex —
3- iron is moved into the cells by —-
4- iron is absorbed at the brush border via —- or haem as —-
5- fe+2 leaves the enterocyte via —
6- fe+2 is oxidised to fe+3 by —-
7- fe+3 binds to —- for transport

Answer 19

• fe+3
• transferrin
• ferritin
• endocytosis
  -DMT1
• fe+2
• FPN
• hephaestin
• transferin

Question 20

the fucntions of iron include :
it serves as a carrier of — to the tissue from the lungs by —–
it acts a transport medium for — within cells
it is an integrated part of —- systems in tissues as cytochrome

Answer 20

• oxygen
• rbc hb
• electrons
• enzymes

Question 21

read: ( iron diffency )

Answer 21

• Most common micronutrient deficiency
• When iron levels drop:
  – Storage iron is mobilised first
  – Haemoglobin synthesis is impaired
• Results in microcytic hypochromic anaemia
• Treat with
  – Iron supplements

Question 22

read: ( iron overload )

Answer 22

Haemosiderosis:
– Accumulation of ferritin and hemosiderin
– Haemosiderin: iron-storage complex that is composed of partially
digested ferritin and lysosomes
– Leads to free radical generation
* Haemochromatosis:
– Progessive hemosiderosis
– Results in organ damage
– Associated with a mutation in the HFE gene
* Treat with:
– Repeated phlebotomy
– Iron chelator: desferrioxamine