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foundation of practice > healing and repair > Flashcards

healing and repair Flashcards

1
Q

—– is the replacement of destroyed or lost tissue by viable tissue

A

healing

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2
Q

1.the initial response of a damaged tissue is —-
2. other tissue responses to injury :

A

1.acute inflammation
2. resolution , regeneration , repair by fibrosis

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3
Q

-no tissue destruction
-damaging agent and cell debris are removed
- tissue returned to its pre injury state as: mild heat injury
are all under —-

A

resolution

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4
Q

—- the replacement of list tissue by the tissue of the same type
—- the replacement of the destroyed tissue by a fibrous scar

A
  • regeneration
  • repair
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5
Q

factors affecting the healing process :

A
  • The ability to remove the causative agent
  • The ability to clear the inflammatory debris
  • The degree of architectural damage
  • The ability of cell to proliferate
  • The extent of extra-cellular matrix damage
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6
Q

tissue proliferative activity includes 3 types of cells which are:

A
  • labile cells
  • stable cells
  • permanent cells
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7
Q

—– are cells that continuously divide and are derived from stem cells

A

labile cells as:
Epidermis, mucosal epithelium, GI tract epithelium

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8
Q

labile cells are —- healed by —– if the supporting storma is —–

A
  • easily
  • regeneration
  • intact
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9
Q

—- are cells that have low levels of replication and can be stimulated to divide and they are healed by regeneration if the supportive storm and regenerative stem cells are intact

A

stable cells

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10
Q

Hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium, pancreatic acini are —- cells

A

stable cells

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11
Q

—– are non dividing cells and replaced by connective tissue

A

permentant cells

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12
Q

Neurons, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle are —– cells

A

permanent cells

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13
Q

true or false:
-permanent cells have no regeneration
- polypeptide growth factors are the most important affecting cell growth

A

true , true

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14
Q

polypeptide growth factors are present in —- or produced —-
-Exert pleiotropic effects; proliferation, cell migration,
differentiation, tissue remodeling
-Regulate growth of cells by controlling expression of
genes that regulate cell proliferation

A
  • serum or locally
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15
Q

the storm includes:

A
  • extracellular matrix w” interstitial matrix and basement membranes
  • mesenchymal cells
  • vessels
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16
Q

its not just a scaffold for cells to grow on , it regulates cell growth , motility m and differentiation
this is ——

A

extracellular matrix which consists of:
▪ Fibrous structural proteins
▪ Collagens
▪ Elastin
▪ Adhesive glycoproteins that link ECM component
to one another and to cells
▪ Proteoglycans

17
Q

the cell-cell interactions include:

A
  • growth factors as: EGF, PDGF, FGF, VEGF, TGFβ
  • cytokines
  • growth inhibitors
18
Q

cell matrix interactions include

A
  • Integrins
    ▪ Cell surface receptors that mediate cellular attachment
    to the extracellular matrix
    ▪ Transduction of signals from ECM to cells
19
Q

the replacement of lost cells by cells of the same type through cell division by which the supporting framework is intact is known as —-

A

regeneration

20
Q

the regeneration process is controlled by —- and — factors and interactions between —- and —-

A
  • controlled by inhibitory and stimulatory factors
  • cells and extracellular matrix
21
Q

healing by fibrosis is healing by —- tissue and it occurs when :
- destruction of —–
- the death of —-
- organisation of —-

A
  • connective tissue
  • parenchymal cells and stromal framework
  • permanent tissue
  • inflammation
22
Q

repair by connective tissue involves the production of —- tissue
1. involves angiogenesis - new vessels budding from old
2. fibrosis - consisting of emigration and proliferation of fibroblast and disposition of ECM type iii collagen
3. scar remodelling type iii collagen replaced by type I collagen ( collagenase - requires zinc )

A
  • granulation tissue ( which is fibroblast + capillary buds and myofibroblast )
23
Q

wound healing phases are:

A

1* Inflammatory phase
2* Proliferative phase
▪ Epidermal re-growth
▪ Dermal repair
3* Remodelling phase
▪ Restoration of elasticity

24
Q

—- phase is the induction of acute inflammatory response by an initial injury which involves :

A
  • inflammatory phase
  • heamtoma formation , infiltration by neutrophils and infiltration by macrophages
25
Q

the proliferative phase refers to:
—- proliferation
- formation of—-
-
-

A
  • epithelial cells proliferation
  • formation of new vessels
  • granulation tissue
  • proliferation of fibroblast ( sythesis of ecm proteins )
26
Q

the replacement of granulation tissue by fibrous tissue is —- phase

A

remodelling phase which involves :
1- remodelling of parenchymal elements to restore tissue function
2- remodelling of connective tissue to achieve wound strength
3- degradation of excessive extracellular matrix ( metalloproteinase )

27
Q

the types of wound healing are:

A
  • primary intention
  • secondary intention
28
Q

stages of wound healing by primary intention :
day 1:
- wound is filled w —-
- —- surrounding tissue
- proliferation of —–
day 2:
- —-
- —- covers the surface
day 3:
- —– formation
day 5:
—- deposition
day 7:
—- removed

A
  • blood clot
  • acute inflammation
  • epithelial cells
  • macrophages
  • epithelial cells
  • granulation tissue
  • collagen
  • sutured
29
Q

wound strength :
after suture are removed at – week , wound strenghth is only — of unwounded skin ( walkers law )
- by 3-4 months the wound strength is about —- of the unwounded skin ( walkers law)

A
  • one week
  • 10%
  • 80%
30
Q

wound healing secondary intention:
1. the process is similar to healing by —-
2. the edges are —- and — fills the gaps
3. is it slow/fast ?
4. the inflammatory reaction is more —-
5. wound —-
6. more —

A
  • primary intention
  • not approximate
  • granulation tissue
  • slower
  • more intense
  • contraction ( myofibroblast )
  • more scarring
31
Q

pathologic aspect of wound healing:
1. dififcent scar formation as:
2. excessive scar formation as:
3. contracture defromity
4. —— transformation which are extremely —

A
  • wound rupture
  • keloid type iii collagen and genetic predisposition
  • malignant
  • extremely rare
32
Q

mucosal surfaces :
erosions are healed by —
ulceration by ——

A
  • regernation
  • regeneration and fibrosis
33
Q

liver:
- single short lived injury is healed by —
chronic injury by —

A
  • regeneration
  • cirrhosis
34
Q

nervous system :
- CNS :
- preferial nerves:

A
  • gliosis
  • regernation
35
Q

muscle :
- cardiac muscle :
- skeletal muscle

A

both by fibrosis

36
Q

factors that influence healing are:

A

local and systemic effect
1. local effect :
* Poor vascular supply
* Infection
* Foreign material
* Excessive movement
* Poor approximation
* Size, site and type of injury
2. systemic effect:
SYSTEMIC FACTORS
* Age
* Nutrition (proteins, Vitamin C- collagen formation,
copper- cross linking of collagen, Zinc- conversion of
type III to type I collagen)
* Metabolic status (DM)
* Hormones (steroids)
* Malignancy
* Chemotherapy
* Radiotherapy

foundation of practice (59 decks)

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