health illness and disease

Question 1

—- is the complete physical mental and social well being and not merely on the absence of sieges of infirmity

Answer 1

health

Question 2

the reuqiemnt of health would — most of the population as unhealthy :

Answer 2

• exclude
  ( includes:
• screening for abnormalities
• primary preventative therapeutic treatment eg. lipid lowering
• subjective perception of illness
• do we feel sick to feel healthy )

Question 3

health and illness are concepts that relate to — as much as they relate to diseases

Answer 3

• social and moral values

Question 4

—- pathological changes diagnosed by signs and syntoism , abnormality in structure or function of th body and considered objective

Answer 4

disease
eg. hypertension is the disease in the absence of illness

Question 5

— subjective experience of a -ve change in the state of well being and in social function , defined and responded to differently by different ppl

Answer 5

illness
eg. phantom limb pain is the illness in absence of disease

Question 6

( not as important but )
the traditional model : biomedical model :

Answer 6

exposure of pathogens —> physiological and biochemical mechanisms —> disease state that can either lead to : recovery , death , chronic stat of the received treatment . this model is missing the social context

Question 7

— model is the interaction of determinants contribute significantly to patient health seeking behaviours

Answer 7

-biopsychosocial
this includes:
- personal hisyory
- psychosocial process
- sociocultural enviornemtn
- exposure to pathogens
- physiological and biochemical mehcniams
- disease state
- treatment

Question 8

true or false:
individual differences exists in the amount of the attention people give to their internal and external state

Answer 8

true

Question 9

attentional state and symptom perception includes:

Answer 9

1- personal and social influence:
- if the illness is trending as covid the symptoms perception increases
- increased knowledge increases perception as medical students disease
- relevant distractions reduces the perception as an athlete wins the race despite the injury

Question 10

factors that increase the likelihood of symptoms perception:

Answer 10

1- pain or discruptive: if they cant sit properly they are more motivated to perceive a symptom
2- novel : experiencing a novel symptom is more likely for something rare and serious
3- paeristeft : longer periods of time
4- pre-existing chronic disease : as having other diseases , old ppl have attention to bodily states

Question 11

common sense model of illness also known as the self regulation model

Answer 11

stimulus/external/internal pain —-> representation od health threat —> coping response –> appraisal
or
stimulus external or internal pain —> representation of emotions as fear or disress —-> coping response —> appraisal
( the representation of health threat is by the followed steps:
socio-cultural contexts as places roles or groups —>: biological characteristics and psychological traits —-> representation of the threat )

Question 12

the self regulatory model of illness developed:

Answer 12

1- identity: label given to an illness and the symptoms associated w it
2- causality: factors contributing to the development of illness as diet and behaviour
3- timeline: belief about how long illness will last aka acute , chronic or cyclical
4- consequences : beliefs ab the possible effect of the illness on their life either immediate or long term
5- curability and controllability: is there cute , can this be controlled
6- emotional: whether the illness makes the patient scared or distressed

Question 13

biological perspective of big 5 theory of personality:

Answer 13

• Trait approach to personality that considers a person’s
  personality profile in terms of stable and enduring
  dimensions
• Eysenck - ‘Personality is determined to a large extent by a
  person’s genes’ – differences in physiological functioning
  influences amount of conditioning experienced by an
  individual e.g. introverted person
  Introverts tend to have high levels of physiological arousal, which makes then more
  easily conditioned – therefore acquire more inhibitions which make them more bashful,
  tentative and uneasy in social situations – this social discomfort leads them to turn
  inward and become introverted
• 3 bipolar factors/dimensions originally – extraversion
  (introversion), neuroticism (emotional stability) and
  psychoticism (self-control)

Question 14

big 5 theory of personality

Answer 14

1- openness : imagiantion , feelings , ideas n actions
low score : practical , conventional , prefers routines
high score: curious , interests are wide , indepdneted
2- conscientiencess : thoughtfulness , self discipline , competence
low: impulsive , careless , disorganised
high: hardowrking dependable , organised
3- extroversion : sociability , assertivnesss , emotional expression
low: quiet m reserved and withdrawn
high: outgoing warm and seeks adventure
4- agreeableness : cooperative trustworthy and good natured
low: critical , uncooperative and suspensions
high : helpful , trusting , and empathetic
5- neuortisim: tendancy towards unstable emotions
low: calm even tempered secure
high: anxious , unhappy m prone to -ve emotions

Question 15

true or false:
1-evidence for that is the meta syethsis of 30 meta analyses
2- personality may have more direct effect on mental health
3-Mechanisms such as perceived stress are a key mechanism
underlying the effect of personality on health behaviors and physical
4-The effect of personality on physical health is less robust because it is
mediated by its effect on heath behaviors
5- The Common Sense model of illness is used to understand
peoples response to illness
6- Illness perceptions may influence coping, and inturn
influence outcome.

Answer 15

all true