biological cell membrane

Question 1

the components of the cell membrane include :

Answer 1

1- lipid bilayer : structural backbone
2- phospholipids : most abundant
- glycolipids
- chelstrol
3- proteins
- transporters
- enzymes
- signal trasductor
4- crabs attached to proteins and lipids
( check slide 4 )

Question 2

the favoured strucure for the lipid bilayer is — since its head has —- for water and the tail —- water
the formation is —- process , the major driving force is —- and there are —– and —- bonding interactions brteeen polar head and water

Answer 2

• bimolecular sheet
• an affinity
• avoids
• self assembly + self sealing
• hydrophobic interactions is the major driving force
• electrostatic and hydrogen bonding attraction

Question 3

majority of the lipids of the cell membrane is — which are — , these lipids spotnaously form bilayers in aqoues solution:
and they also have —-

Answer 3

• phospholipids
• amphilatic
• vesicles and micelles
• cholesterol
  ( check strucure )

Question 4

—- are proteins that span the cell membrane sometimes once other more and either terminus maybe inside or outside the cell so basically they are permanently embedded within the plasma membrane

Answer 4

integral
types include:
1- alpha helix: recognition and receptors
2- helical bundle: enzymes transporter and receptors
3- b barrel: transporters ( channel proteins )

Question 5

—- proteins that adhere sometimes and temporarily to the biological membrane , they don’t enter the hydrophobic space within the cell membrane but can push into the peripheral region of the lipid bilayer and they attach to intergal membrane proteins

Answer 5

peripheral; membrane proteins

Question 6

components of the complex molecules on the cell membrane :

Answer 6

• glycoprotein
• glycolipids
• proteoglycans

Question 7

the carbs form a layer around the cell on the outside of the membrane called —

Answer 7

glycocalyx

Question 8

glycolyx functions as a —– between the cell and its surroundings and serves as a —– for the cell-cell interactions , it also — the cell membrane from the direct action of the physical forces and stresses allowing the membrane to maintain its integrity

Answer 8

• barrier
• mediator
• protects

Question 9

the breakdown of —- that is involved in the development and progression of many diseases

Answer 9

glycocalyx

Question 10

a sheet like structure that forms closed boundaries , physical isolation and it acts as a barrier , hold molecules inside of the cell and allows the regulation of exchange in and out of the membrane as it also create an environment that responds to changes in the cell ( unique intracellular pH redox , response of it’s receptors ) also it provides strcural support for the cell

Answer 10

cell plasma membrane
( check slide )

Question 11

the fluid mosaic model of the membrane states :
the membranes are — dimensional solutions of oriented globular proteins and lipids

Answer 11

2d

Question 12

—- is solvent for intergal proteins and permeability barrier

Answer 12

lipid bilayer

Question 13

small amounts of — interact specifically with a particular —–
proteins can differ laterally but are not —– to —

Answer 13

• lipids
• membrane proteins
• not free to rotate

Question 14

the unaided spontaneous movement of solute molucles —- their concentration gradient and the movement is from —– concentration , this continuous until the concentration of the molecules equilibrate across the bilayer and doesnt require —-

Answer 14

1- this transport is known as: passive diffusion
2- down
3- high to low concentration
- energy

Question 15

is a carrier mediated diffusion which uses —- which it depends on and occurs — the concentration gardient and doesnt —-

Answer 15

• facilitated diffusion which uses integral proteins
• down
• doesnt require energy ( check slide 14 pls)

Question 16

— transport refers to the movement — the concentration gardient and it uses — and the two forms are:

Answer 16

• active
• against
• energy
• primary and secondary active transport

Question 17

Na+ /K+ -ATPase is an exmaple of —- used in —– transport

Answer 17

• intergal transport protein
• primary active transport

Question 18

in primary active transport the Na+ /K+ -ATPase removed —- from the cell in each cycle in exchange for —- .
the movement of na+ is — the concentration gardient which means it requires —-

Answer 18

• 3 NA+ ions
• 2 k+ ions
• against
• energy

Question 19

process of primary active transport :

Answer 19

• This is the process:
  1. The ATPase binds ATP
  2. The ATPase binds three Na+ ions
  3. ATP phosphorylates the ATPase.
  4. This induces conformational changes
  5. Three Na+ ions are released into the extracellular fluid
  6. Two K+ ions bind from the extracellular fluid.
  7. The ATPase is dephosphorylated
  8. The ATPase reverts to its previous conformation
  9. Two K+ ions are released into the cell

Question 20

in secondary active transport the — protein moves a specific substance —- its concentration gardient and it can make another substance at the same time .
The concentration gradient for one substance provides the —— for the carrier protein, the second substance gets a free ride lolz

Answer 20

• carrier
• against
• driving force

Question 21

—- refers to cell eating
—- refers to cell drinking

Answer 21

• phagocytosis
• pinocytosis
  (* Brings proteins/solid particles into (endo-) and out (exo-) of the cell (‘cyto’)
  , receptor mediated endocytosis )