metabolism Flashcards
metabolism is a set of —- reactions essential for life and these reactions are divided into:
1. —- reaction involves the breakdown of organic matter to produce energy for cellular respiration
2. — reactions involve the sythesis of complex molecules essential for life but which consumes energy
- chemical
- catabolic
- anabolic
( check slide 4)
—- refers to breaking down
—– refers to building up
- catabolism
- anabolic
3 steps of anabolism includes :
1. forms —-
2. forms —- molecules from —- precursors
3. — these complex molicules together
and the result of anabolism include:
- precursors
- complex
- simple
- link
- proteins dna rna lipids carbs
steps of catabolism :
1. —- of complex molecules to their component building blocks
2. —- of building blocks to —– or other simple intermediates
3. —- of acetyl CoA , oxidative phosphorylation
- hydrolysis
- conversion
- acetyl CoA
- oxidation
carbs ( starch ) —> glucose ( monosaccharide ) –> energy out is an example of :
glucose used as a building block to make glycogen <—- energy input is an example of :
the energy generated from —- can be used in —- pathways
- catabolism
- anabolism
- catabolic
- anabolic
- energy sources include:
- where do they come from :
- ATP: high energy phosphate group
- NADH: high energy electron - reducing power
- NADPH: high energy electron - reducing power
- FADH2: high energy electron - reducing power
- they come from : catabolic reactions as glycolysis and TCA cycle
atp is the energy stored in —- bonds and can be used to do work in cells and in anabolic reactions
the cleavage of atp to — releases energy
the formula:
the free energy released tp put in work in cell as:
- phosphate
- adp
- atp —> adp + pi
- mechanical work in muscle contraction
- transport work as k= ATPase
- biosynthetic work as amino acids , FAs and urea
—- is an energy carrier
atp
energy production through —–
energy utilisation through —-
- catabolism as carbs lipids protein
- thermogenis , biosytheis macromolicules , muscle contraction , ion transport
in ATP-ADP cycle :
energy requiring processs in the body use the energy from —- of atp
to generate atp need to — fuels aka breaking down
- hydrolisis
- oxidise
each step in the metabolic pathway is controlled by —- which enable energetically —— reactions to proceed
by the process of ——— or —— metabolic pathways respond to —- to cellular or body enevironemt and need
- enzymes
- enzyme inhibition or activation
- changes
change in free energy is known as;
the energy available to do work is :
all process in the body/cell involve — in energy
- triangle G
- triangle G
- changes
true or false:
the triangle G predicts whether a reaction is favourable or not
true
when triangle G is positive the reaction is —- which means it requires —- aka — reaction
when the triangle G is negative the reaction is —– and it —- energy aka —– reaction
- unfavourable
- energy
- endorgonic
- favorable
- releases
- exorgenic
( check slide 12 ,13,14 for the graphs )
atp hydrolysis can drive energetically —- reactions
example:
the first step of glycolysis is the synthesis of —– from glucose
-unfavourable
- glucose-6-phosphate
( glucose + pi —> glucose-6-phosphate )