intro to prescription

Question 1

—- prescription conforms to consensus opinion of the current best practice. We need to optimise the choice of the most appropriate medication as:

Answer 1

• rational prescribing
• As: right medication , right dose , right route , right time , right patient

Question 2

rational prescribing needs —– and —-

Answer 2

1- drug history essential ( potential drug-drug interaction ) which includes :
- current prescription medication in all forms , inhalers and patches
- contraception if appropriate
- OTC medication
- herbal remedies
- illicit drug use
- adherence assessment
- current and past allergy history
2- Medical history essential ( for potential drug-disease interaction )

Question 3

before prescribing we need :

Answer 3

• clinical skills
• knowledge of therapeutics ( source of info )
• communication skills

Question 4

product characteristics ( idk if its important lol)

Answer 4

1.NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
2.QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
3.PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
4.CLINICAL PARTICULARS:
-Therapeutic indications
-Posology and method of administration
-Contraindications
-Special warnings and precautions for use
-Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
-Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
-Effects on ability to drive and use machines
-Undesirable effects
-Overdose
5.PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
6.PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

Question 5

true or false:
medicines have at least 3 names

Answer 5

false , at least 2 names
1- band name which is created by the pharmaceutical company that created the medicine
2- generic name which describes the active ingredient of the medicine

Question 6

true or false:
Drug companies take out exclusive rights on new medicines called a patent. Only that company can produce their brand of the drug until the patent expires.After that different companies can make other branded generics

Answer 6

true

Question 7

— is an international nonproprietary name INN generated by WHO for all pharmacutical worldwide. Each of the INN is a unique name that is globally recognised

Answer 7

• generic medications

Question 8

-generic medications usually indicates —- or — such as:
- generic medication are usually — and the names promote – exchanged of info internationally

Answer 8

• chemical or theraptic class as: all beta adremoreceptors antagonists contains the suffixs -olol metarol/atenolol
• cheaper
• easy

Question 9

true or false:
generic use is not recommended for all as: anticonvulsants and contraceptive pills

Answer 9

true

Question 10

— marketed by a particular pharmaceutical company and its usually more expensive

Answer 10

branded medication

Question 11

— are usually shorter , simpler, and easier to remember

Answer 11

branded medication

Question 12

paracetamol is an example of —-

Answer 12

generic

Question 13

panadol or Calpol is an example of

Answer 13

branded

Question 14

true or false:
poor adherence to long term therapies severely compromises treatment effectiveness , making it a critical issue un population health from both quality of life and health economic perspectives

Answer 14

true

Question 15

From an Irish perspective it has been shown that almost —- people on for example BP medication frequently or occasionally forget to take them.

Answer 15

1 in 3

Question 16

poor adherence can be bc of :

Answer 16

1- patient issues as: belief system, , lack of conviction , age , education level , family support and understanding, side effects , fear
2- medication issue : polypharmacy m treatment burden , complexity ,duration of the treatment prevention vs. treatments , adverse effects , costs
3- doctor issues: doctor-patient rs, trust , communication , time spent explaining regimes n side effects, explanation of risks vs. benefits , listening and understanding patients priorities

Question 17

To improve adherence we can improve the —-

Answer 17

communication skills such as:
Time invested initially to provide thorough explanation. Involve and empower patient and family members as appropriate

Simplest possible regime, written down for patient

Regular review and adjustments, making a decision about medication need and side-effects at each review visit

Use of other resources available, Pharmacist, Pill Box, Family/Neighbours, Reminders e.g. phone, clock

Question 18

what does the patient needs to know?

Answer 18

• name of the medication
• what is it for
• how it works
• how much to take , how to take it , how often to take it and how long
• what to expects , benefits , adverse effects , common side effects and what to do when they occur
  -review date arranged and patient aware of it

Question 19

what does the doctor need to know?

Answer 19

• everything listed on that slide
• in case of long term medication they need to know the patient medical and drug history
• patient ideas concerns and expectations ab the treatment
• understand what is important to the patient

Question 20

writing a prescription

Answer 20

• prescribing is the issuing of the prescription for medication , treatment , or therapy
  1- only prescribe when you have knowledge on the patient condition. , prescription is indicated , safe and evidence based
  2- it must clearly identify the patient we r referring to , must be legible dated and signed/authprized , and must state ur medical council registration number
  3-You must make sure that your prescription pads and access to prescription-generating software are kept securely and are only accessible to those authorised to prescribe
  4should keep up to date with developments in relation to the medications, treatments and therapies that you prescribe.

Question 21

the legal requirements for a prescription are:

Answer 21

1- date
2- doctors name and institution details
3- patients name , address and date of birth if <12 yo
4- drug strength , name , dose , route of admisteration , total amount/duration of the treatment
5- doc signature , doc name in print and ,medical council number

Question 22

true or false:
1- prescription must be legible , unambiguous , and accurate
2- cant be written in ink only computerised
3- if an error was made make correction and then initial it
4- care w use of decimal points as 0.2 not .2
- careful w milligrams and micrograms

Answer 22

true , false it can be both , and everything else is true too

Question 23

check slide 35 for abbreviations

Answer 23

important so pls check hoe

Question 24

writing a prescription for category II drugs:

Answer 24

1- hand written or electronic
2- drug formulation must be specific
3- strength and quantity must be prescribed in words and figures (Morphine Slow Release tablets 10mg (ten milligrams) mitte 60 (sixty) tablets)
4- no repeats allowed
5- must be dispensed within 14 days

Question 25

1- before ,medicines can be used in Ireland they go through a strict process of various stages of —-
2- in Ireland the licenses for medicine are granted by — only if —- and —- are met
3- — has also an online reporting system where patients or health professionals can ———
4- all liscense medicine in Ireland are continually —-

Answer 25

• clinical trial
• HPRA safe and quality standards are met
• HPRA , report a suspected adverse drug reaction
• monitored in this way

Question 26

read adverse drug reaction reporting :

Answer 26

Suspected adverse reactions to new medicinal products (i.e. those available on the market for less than two years).

Serious suspected reactions to established medicines. A serious reaction is defined as one which is fatal, life threatening, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, results in or prolongs hospitalisation. This definition also includes congenital abnormalities or birth defects and serious adverse clinical consequences.

Any suspected increase in the frequency of minor reactions.

Any suspected teratogenic effects.
Any suspected reactions associated with the use of vaccines

Question 27

true or false:
You should not accept gifts (including hospitality) from pharmaceutical, medical devices or other health related commercial organisations. This does not prevent you attending educational meetings or receiving payment of reasonable fees for professional services to commercial enterprises. You should be aware that even low-value promotional materials can influence prescribing and treatment decisions and avoid any such influence.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

the pharmaceutical industry : ( read)

Answer 28

Industry supports job creation and the economy
Industry conducts research and development of new products
It is a source of information for the healthcare worker
But we are under strict guidelines as discussed because prescribing by doctors is influenced by interaction with pharmaceutical industry
Patient now becoming aware of this interaction and they don’t approve because they expect an unbiased approach to care
Study results shown to doctors generally have a positive result in favour of product
Huge budget assigned to marketing to doctors, because it works!