building blocks of behaviour - learning Flashcards
define learning
its the durable change of knowledge and behaviour due to experience
what goes under learning
- personal skills
- preferences
- emotional responses
- knowledge
- values
- behaviours
true or false:
learning is a lifelong dynamic process which enables adaptation
true
what are the main types of learning/conditioning
- classical
- operant
- observational( cognitive )
—- links 2 stimuli in away that helps us anticipate an event in which we have a reaction
classical
—- is the changing in behaviour choices in response to consequences
operant
cognitive learning deals with new behaviours and info through —- and —- rather than —-
observation and info rather than direct experience
in classical learning the initial neutral response acquires a capacity to —- that was originally evoked by —–
in classical learning it can occur —–
and its a —- process
- evoke
- another stimulus
- rapid or gradually
- autonomic / involuntary
reflexes and emotional responses are examples of
classical learning
give other examples of classical learning
- advertising as medication w happy lifestyle
- campaigns to change attitudes
classical learning form —- associations with the healthcare experiences as ——– and the implication can be —–
- phobias, white coat syndrome, and conditioned nausea
- long lasting attitudes, physiological and emotional responses
involuntary reactions as overshadowing to prevent anticipatory nausea is —- learning
classical
what type of learning can prevent pr change responses learned as emotional responses
- classical
- emotional responses can prevent anxiety during medical intervention or extinguish reponses to phobias
physiological responses as conditioning immune response by pairing an immunosuppressant w/ distinctive flavour in order to condition POSITIVE attitudes and desired responses
classical conditioning
operant conditioning is a form of —- responses/behaviors controlled by —-
voluntary , consequences
we can use operant conditioning to — behaviours by —– and —- desired behaviours or —– to —–
increase behaviours by reinforcement and promote desired behaviours ( +ve reinforcement ) or we can increase the behaviour bc of -ve/aversive consequence is removed
—- reinforcement is the likelihood of the behaviours/responses is increased bc the aversive/-ve consequence is removed
-ve as studying to remove stress
—- reinforcement is the likelihood of the behaviour/response is increased bc rewarding/+ve consequence is presented
+ve as studying to receive praise
reinforcement is always —- the response/behavior whether its —- or —- in —–
increased, +ve or -ve , in operant conditioning
—- always new/complex behaviours
operant conditioning
—- is the reinforcement of successive approximation to desired responses/behaviors
shaping
—- is used in —- conditioning when no existing behaviours can be reinforced and takes step by step approach such as:
- shaping
- operant
- learning a new skill
training animals to do elaborate routine is an example of
shaping in operant conditioning
—- is the likelihood of the behaviour/response is decreased bc reinforcement is not presented
non-reinforcement (-ve behaviour )
—– is the liklood of the response/behavior is decreased bc the aversive/-ve event is presented
punishment
decreasing speeding or illegal parking after receiving a fine/clamp
punishment
decreasing tantrums by ignoring them
non-reinforcement
— conditioning is quick and effective to learn a new skill
operant
applications to operant conditioning
- improving knowledge +skills
- changing behaviours
- rehabilitation
( CHECK SLIDE 26 IMPORTANT EXAMPLES )
— occurs when the stimuli that precede to impact on that response and is passive
classical
—- occurs when consequences comes after a behaviour come to impact that behaviour
operant
—- learning is applied by similar situations and greater the similarly leads to —–
generalisation , greater generalisation
—- learning is only applied in the presences if a specific discrimitve stimulus/context
discrimination
—- learned response/behavior decreases after the pair association ( CC) or reinforcement ( OC) stops
extinction
—– extinguished responses starts again spontaneously after a rest period
sponatouses recovery
( CHECK SLIDE 29 IMPORTANT FOR EXAMPLES )
limitation of behaviourist learning theory:
- teacher centred model
- reductionist : ignore what goes inside the person
- focus on extrinsic rewards and incentives
- a lot are based on animals models
- ppls behaviours change can deteriorate over time
—- learning is infulced by observation of others as models which doesn’t require
observational learning , direct expeiernece
alfred bandura , the importance of social context and the learner “ human agency “ and role models for how to think, feel , and act is an example of
observational learning
vicarious reinforcement : indirect conditioning as seeing what happens to others is an example of —- and the limitation can occur when —-
- observational learning
- absence of rewards
influencing behaviours un healthcare settings in respond to illness is —-
application of observational learning ( check slide 33 )
—- is a behavioural therapy derived from learning theory which is the sustained exposure to feared stimulus and fear gradually subsides ( feel the fear and do it anyway )
flooding
steps for systematic desentization :
1- progressive muscle relaxation
2- hierarchy of fears
3- imagined exposure + relaxation
4- gradual exposure + relaxation
reducing fears of withdrawal and preparing addicts to handle hard situations during rehabilitation is an example of —
systemqtic desentization
teaching children w ADHD or autism how to swallow pills is —
systematic desentization
( check last 2 slides plsss)
