building blocks of behaviour - learning

Question 1

define learning

Answer 1

its the durable change of knowledge and behaviour due to experience

Question 2

what goes under learning

Answer 2

• personal skills
• preferences
• emotional responses
• knowledge
• values
• behaviours

Question 3

true or false:
learning is a lifelong dynamic process which enables adaptation

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what are the main types of learning/conditioning

Answer 4

• classical
• operant
• observational( cognitive )

Question 5

—- links 2 stimuli in away that helps us anticipate an event in which we have a reaction

Answer 5

classical

Question 6

—- is the changing in behaviour choices in response to consequences

Answer 6

operant

Question 7

cognitive learning deals with new behaviours and info through —- and —- rather than —-

Answer 7

observation and info rather than direct experience

Question 8

in classical learning the initial neutral response acquires a capacity to —- that was originally evoked by —–
in classical learning it can occur —–
and its a —- process

Answer 8

• evoke
• another stimulus
• rapid or gradually
• autonomic / involuntary

Question 9

reflexes and emotional responses are examples of

Answer 9

classical learning

Question 10

give other examples of classical learning

Answer 10

• advertising as medication w happy lifestyle
• campaigns to change attitudes

Question 11

classical learning form —- associations with the healthcare experiences as ——– and the implication can be —–

Answer 11

• phobias, white coat syndrome, and conditioned nausea
• long lasting attitudes, physiological and emotional responses

Question 12

involuntary reactions as overshadowing to prevent anticipatory nausea is —- learning

Answer 12

classical

Question 12

what type of learning can prevent pr change responses learned as emotional responses

Answer 12

• classical
• emotional responses can prevent anxiety during medical intervention or extinguish reponses to phobias

Question 13

physiological responses as conditioning immune response by pairing an immunosuppressant w/ distinctive flavour in order to condition POSITIVE attitudes and desired responses

Answer 13

classical conditioning

Question 14

operant conditioning is a form of —- responses/behaviors controlled by —-

Answer 14

voluntary , consequences

Question 15

we can use operant conditioning to — behaviours by —– and —- desired behaviours or —– to —–

Answer 15

increase behaviours by reinforcement and promote desired behaviours ( +ve reinforcement ) or we can increase the behaviour bc of -ve/aversive consequence is removed

Question 16

—- reinforcement is the likelihood of the behaviours/responses is increased bc the aversive/-ve consequence is removed

Answer 16

-ve as studying to remove stress

Question 17

—- reinforcement is the likelihood of the behaviour/response is increased bc rewarding/+ve consequence is presented

Answer 17

+ve as studying to receive praise

Question 18

reinforcement is always —- the response/behavior whether its —- or —- in —–

Answer 18

increased, +ve or -ve , in operant conditioning

Question 19

—- always new/complex behaviours

Answer 19

operant conditioning

Question 20

—- is the reinforcement of successive approximation to desired responses/behaviors

Answer 20

shaping

Question 21

—- is used in —- conditioning when no existing behaviours can be reinforced and takes step by step approach such as:

Answer 21

• shaping
• operant
• learning a new skill

Question 22

training animals to do elaborate routine is an example of

Answer 22

shaping in operant conditioning

Question 23

—- is the likelihood of the behaviour/response is decreased bc reinforcement is not presented

Answer 23

non-reinforcement (-ve behaviour )

Question 24

—– is the liklood of the response/behavior is decreased bc the aversive/-ve event is presented

Answer 24

punishment

Question 25

decreasing speeding or illegal parking after receiving a fine/clamp

Answer 25

punishment

Question 26

decreasing tantrums by ignoring them

Answer 26

non-reinforcement

Question 27

— conditioning is quick and effective to learn a new skill

Answer 27

operant

Question 28

applications to operant conditioning

Answer 28

• improving knowledge +skills
• changing behaviours
• rehabilitation
  ( CHECK SLIDE 26 IMPORTANT EXAMPLES )

Question 29

— occurs when the stimuli that precede to impact on that response and is passive

Answer 29

classical

Question 30

—- occurs when consequences comes after a behaviour come to impact that behaviour

Answer 30

operant

Question 31

—- learning is applied by similar situations and greater the similarly leads to —–

Answer 31

generalisation , greater generalisation

Question 32

—- learning is only applied in the presences if a specific discrimitve stimulus/context

Answer 32

discrimination

Question 33

—- learned response/behavior decreases after the pair association ( CC) or reinforcement ( OC) stops

Answer 33

extinction

Question 34

—– extinguished responses starts again spontaneously after a rest period

Answer 34

sponatouses recovery
( CHECK SLIDE 29 IMPORTANT FOR EXAMPLES )

Question 35

limitation of behaviourist learning theory:

Answer 35

• teacher centred model
• reductionist : ignore what goes inside the person
• focus on extrinsic rewards and incentives
• a lot are based on animals models
• ppls behaviours change can deteriorate over time

Question 36

—- learning is infulced by observation of others as models which doesn’t require

Answer 36

observational learning , direct expeiernece

Question 37

alfred bandura , the importance of social context and the learner “ human agency “ and role models for how to think, feel , and act is an example of

Answer 37

observational learning

Question 38

vicarious reinforcement : indirect conditioning as seeing what happens to others is an example of —- and the limitation can occur when —-

Answer 38

• observational learning
• absence of rewards

Question 39

influencing behaviours un healthcare settings in respond to illness is —-

Answer 39

application of observational learning ( check slide 33 )

Question 40

—- is a behavioural therapy derived from learning theory which is the sustained exposure to feared stimulus and fear gradually subsides ( feel the fear and do it anyway )

Answer 40

flooding

Question 41

steps for systematic desentization :

Answer 41

1- progressive muscle relaxation
2- hierarchy of fears
3- imagined exposure + relaxation
4- gradual exposure + relaxation

Question 42

reducing fears of withdrawal and preparing addicts to handle hard situations during rehabilitation is an example of —

Answer 42

systemqtic desentization

Question 43

teaching children w ADHD or autism how to swallow pills is —

Answer 43

systematic desentization
( check last 2 slides plsss)