inequalities in health

Question 1

the population framework is consisted of — domains which are —– and they all require ——-

Answer 1

• seven
• health policy , health system , health determination , health protection , prevention disease , epidomology , health promotion
• equity and sustainability

Question 2

the main social determinants of health are —- and these gradients contributes that poor ppl often have —- and all of these determinants are located in the sector —- health

Answer 2

• general socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions such as : unemployment , housing , eductaion, water and sanitation , agriculture and food production , work environment , loving and working conditions , health care services , gender , age and constitutional factors , social and community network and individual lifestyle factors

Question 3

the impact of —- on inequalities is a huge global concern which s a threat multiplier .

Answer 3

climate change ( which can cause death , illness , bad weather , floods , poor health , distribution of food )

Question 4

—- is any measurable aspect of health that varies across individuals or according to socially relevant groups ( no moral judgment is applied to those differences )

Answer 4

equalities ( which basically means group of ppl will for the same resources and oppurtonities )

Question 5

—- difference in health between groups which are unjust and could be avoided by reasonable means

Answer 5

equity ( basically when we recognise different circumstances and then allocate the resorces equally )

Question 6

what is the mechanisms by which inequalities lead to poor health ?

Answer 6

• we dint just measure determinate and outlines properly ( artefact )
• selection theory ( poor health causes social slide )
• behavioural theory ( poor ppl have poor health behaviours )
• structural theories ( political + policies are the cause ) such as housing and education

Question 7

social position and social context in health :

Answer 7

social postion on health leads to differencial exposure which leads to differential vulnerability which leafs to differential consequences by which the consequences of disease can feedback into casual pathway
the modifying effect of social context and policy on social sratification is the same ( policies affecting the exposure n policies affecting diffencial vulnerability and policies affecting differential social consequences of disease

Question 8

the population approach to reducing health equalities is —-

Answer 8

population need assessment which is a systmatic method

Question 9

the purpose of population needs assessment —–
it uses —-
and its used to improve —-
leads to —–

Answer 9

• aid decision making and promotes action ( what actions u recommend )
• qualitative and quantitive including epidemiological data , health service data and community focus groups and workshops
• improve health and other service planning
• agreed priority and resources allocation that improves health

Question 10

—- is a systematic method of identifying unmet health and health care needs of population by making changes to those unmet needs and is the backbone of the public health work

Answer 10

health needs assesement ( population approach )

Question 11

the participatory approaches to health needs assessment is to —-

Answer 11

build partnerships w/ communities so local expertises can be used for issues , developing evidence and interventions

Question 12

the challenges of participatory approaches :

Answer 12

1- sharing power and authority
2- respect others pov
3- understanding diff agendas
4- practice active listening
5- building trust
6- importance of developing humility ( a willingness to learn from community )

Question 13

health system ( business ) approaches to reducing equalities are : ( access , experience , and outcome )

Answer 13

• productivity loss
• increase costs of treatment
• reduced tax revenue
• delayed discharged

Question 14

steps to reduce inequality

Answer 14

1- performance report ( aka have data ) variations of rates , waiting list for assessments , diagnostic and treatment pathways , immunisation and screening
2- aka who are we excluding ( mitigate against digital exclusion , accelerate preventative programs , strengthen leaderships and accountability )

Question 15

1- Key clinical areas of health inequalities :
2- same thing but in children and young ppl :

Answer 15

1- maternity , severe mental illness ( SMI )) , chronic respiratory disease m early cancer diagnostic , hypertension case finding ( smoking cessation impacts all 5 ket clinical areas positively )
2- asthma , diabetes , epilepsy , oral health , and mental health