Renal: 12.9: Lower Urinary Tract Neoplasms

Question 1

What is a urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 1

malignant tumor arising from the urothelial lining of the lower urinary tract

Question 2

What is the #1 risk factor for urothelial carcinoma? Name 3 others, too.

Answer 2

1. smoking
2. naphthylamine
3. Azo dyes
4. long-term cyclophosphamide or phenacetin

Question 3

How does urothelial carcinoma present and in whom?

Answer 3

painless hematuria in an older person

Question 4

The flat pathway causing urothelial carcinoma is associated with what mutation?

Answer 4

p53

Question 5

Where is squamous epi normally found in the lower urinary tract?

Answer 5

it’s not

Question 6

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract?

Answer 6

chronic cystitis, Schistosoma hematobium infection, and long-standing nephrolithiasis

Question 7

What does adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract arise from?

Answer 7

a urachal remnant, cystitis glandularis, exstrophy

Question 8

What is the urachus? Where does it run?

Answer 8

a duct that connects the fetal bladder to the yolk sac; from the dome of the bladder to the umbilical cord

Question 9

Adenocarcinoma that arises from the urachal remnant is found where?

Answer 9

in the dome of the bladder