Cardiology 8.3: Congenital heart defects Flashcards
What is the most common congenital heart defect?What causes it?
VSDfetal alcohol syndrome
VSD: A left to right or right to left shunt? Why?
left to right bc the pressure in the systemic circuit is greater than going back to the RV, so it does
large VSD –> increase in blood flow to pulm circuit –> _____ –> Eisenmenger syndrome –> cyanosis
pulm HTN
Why do pts with Eisenmenger Syndrome get RVH?
increased pressure in pulmonary vascular circuit
Why do pts with Eisenmenger Syndrome get polycythemia?
deoxygenated blood in the systemic circuit causes hypoxemia –> epo released
Why do pts with Eisenmenger Syndrome get clubbing?
systemic cyanosis
What is the most common type of ASD?
ostium secundum
Which ASD is associated with Down Syndrome?
ostium primum
What direction is the blood shunted in ASD?
L to R
What heart sounds are heard with ASD?
split S2
What is a complication of ASD?
paradoxical emboli
PDA is associated with ____.
congenital rubella
____ is associated with congenital rubella.
PDA
The ductus arteriosus connects the ____ to the _____.
pulmonary artery to the aorta
The _____ connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal life.
ductus arteriosus
Which way does blood flow in the fetal ductus arteriosus?
from L to R (aorta to pulm artery)
When will a PDA present? How?
later in life with lower extremity edema
What is the murmur for PDA?
machine-like holosystolic murmur
Why is the cyanosis in PDA in the lower extremities and not the upper?
bc the ductus arteriosus connects to the aorta after the aortic arch and its branches
What is the tx for PDA? How does it work?
indomethacindecreases PGE
What keeeeeps the PDA open?
prostaglandin E (PGE)
Which direction is the blood shunted in Tetrology of Fallot?
R to L
How and when does Tetrology of Fallot present?
cyanosis at birth (early)
Dx?Juv pt squats after running around
Tetrology of Fallot
