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Pathoma LAH > Neuro: 17.8: CNS Tumors > Flashcards

Neuro: 17.8: CNS Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is a craniopharyngioma?

A

a tumor that arises from epithelial remnants of Rathke’s pouch

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2
Q

What is the prognosis for medulloblastoma? Why?

A
  • poor
  • it grows rapidly and spreads thru the CSF
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3
Q

This is a malignant tumor of oligodendrocytes seen in adults.

A

oligodendroglioma

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4
Q

What receptor does a meningioma express?

A

estrogen receptor

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5
Q

What key findings will be seen microscopically in pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

Rosenthal fibers (astrocytes with thick eosinophilic processes, corkscrew shaped)

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6
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor in children?

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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7
Q

What imaging findings will be seen in pilocytic astrocytoma?

A
  • a well-circumscribed, cystic lesion with a mural nodule
  • *** “pyloCYSTIC astrocytoma”
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8
Q

What is the tumor that classically arises from astrocytes in a child?

A

pylocytic astrocytoma

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9
Q

How do pts with schwannomas present?

A
  • tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
  • hearing loss
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10
Q

Dx?

  • large amounts of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalasading normal tissue
  • endothelial cell proliferation
A

glioblastoma multiforme

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11
Q

Dx?

  • a tumor that arises from epithelial remnants of Rathke’s pouch
A

craniopharyngioma

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12
Q

What is the most abundant glial cell?

A

astrocytes

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13
Q

What is a glioblastoma multiforme?

A
  • a malignant, high-grade tumor of astrocytes (a glial cell)
  • the most common CNS tumor in adults
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14
Q

This is a malignant CNS tumor in children arising from ependymal cells.

A

ependymoma

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15
Q

How does a meningioma present?

A

with seizures

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16
Q

Dx?

  • a well-circumscribed, cystic lesion with a mural nodule in the cerebellum
A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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17
Q

What is an ependymoma?

A

a malignant CNS tumor of ependymal cells seen in children

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18
Q

What is the most common benign CNS tumor in adults?

A

meningioma

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19
Q

Where does an ependymoma most commonly arise?

A

in the 4th ventricle

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20
Q

What is a schwannoma?

A

a benign tumor of schwann cells

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21
Q

How will medulloblastomas appear on microscopy?

A
  • small, round blue cells
  • Homer-Wright rosettes
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22
Q

What is the function of the microglia?

A

phagocytic scavenging in the CNS

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23
Q

Dx?

  • whorled spindle cells
  • abundant psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications)
A

meningioma

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24
Q

What is the most common supratentorial tumor?

A

craniopharyngioma

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25
Q

Dx?

  • S100 positive
A

schwannoma

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26
Q

How does a craniopharyngioma present??

A

a supratentorial mass in a child or young adult

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27
Q

Who gets medulloblastoma?

A

children

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28
Q

This is when medulloblastoma spreads into the spinal cord via the CSF.

A

drop metastases

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29
Q

What are the microscopic findings in craniopharyngioma?

A
  • Cholesterol crystals found in “motor oil”–like fluid within tumor
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30
Q

What microscopic findings are seen in ependymomas?

A
  • perivascular pseudo-rosettes
  • Rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near the nucleus
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31
Q

This is a malignant CNS tumor of children arising from the neuroectoderm.

A

medulloblastoma

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32
Q

This is a benign CNS tumor from the arachnoid (meningothelial) cells classically seen in adult females

A

meningioma

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33
Q

This is:

  • the intermediate filament present within glial cells
  • marker for glioblastoma multiforme and pilocytic astrocytomas.
A

GFAP

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34
Q

What are the astrocytes derived from?

A

neuroectoderm

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35
Q

Dx?

  • small, round blue cells
  • Homer-Wright rosettes
A

medulloblastoma

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36
Q

How does an oligodendroglioma present?

A

seizures

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37
Q

What is the embryonic origin of a craniopharyngioma?

A

surface ectoderm

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38
Q

What is the tx for glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Nitrosoureas (Carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin)

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39
Q

Where does a glioblastoma multiforme most frequently arise?

A

in the cerebral hemispheres WITH CROSSING OVER the corpus callosum

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40
Q

This is a benign tumor of astrocytes in children.

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

41
Q

Where in the brain are oligodendrogliomas usually found?

A

the frontal lobe

42
Q

Dx?

  • a calcified tumor in the white matter
  • “fried egg” appearance
  • “chicken wire” capillary pattern
A

Oligodendroglioma

43
Q

Dx?

  • Rosenthal fibers (astrocytes with thick eosinophilic processes, corkscrew shaped)
A

pilocytic astrocytoma

44
Q

What is the tissue that supports the neurons?

A

glial tissue

45
Q

What cell forms the BBB?

A

astrocytes

46
Q

Dx?

  • Cholesterol crystals found in “motor oil”–like fluid within tumor
A

craniopharyngioma

47
Q

What is a pylocytic astrocytoma?

A

a benign tumor of the astrocytes in a child

48
Q

Dx?

  • tumor in the cerebral hemispheres WITH CROSSING OVER the corpus callosum
A

glioblastoma multiforme

49
Q

What do pilocytic astrocytomas stain positively for?

A

GFAP

50
Q

What is another name for a glioblastoma multiforme?

A

a butterfly glioma

51
Q

What kind of cells do meningiomas arise from?

A

arachnoid

52
Q

What is a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

a benign tumor of astrocytes

53
Q

Relative to the tentorium, where do CNS tumors in children occur?

A

children = beneath

54
Q

On imaging, this will look like a round mass attached to the dura.

A

meningioma

55
Q

From what are oligodendrocytes derived from?

A

neuroectoderm

56
Q

What is a noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

A

structural blockage of CSF circulation

57
Q

Dx?

  • a supratentorial mass in a child or young adult
A

craniopharyngioma

58
Q

What does an oligodendroglioma look like microscopically?

A
  • a calcified tumor in the white matter
  • “fried egg” appearance
  • “chicken wire” capillary pattern
59
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor in adults?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

60
Q

What is glial tissue?

A

the tissue that supports the neurons

61
Q

How does a craniopharyngioma appear on imaging?

A

calcified

62
Q

What is the prognosis for an ependymoma?

A

poor

63
Q

What is an oligodendroglioma?

A

a malignant tumor of oligodendrocytes seen in adults

64
Q

What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?

A

myelinate CNS axons

65
Q

Nitrosoureas (Carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin) are used to treat _______.

A

brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme

66
Q

How does an ependymoma present?

A

hydrocephalus

67
Q

What is the function of the ependymal cells? Where are they found?

A
  • produce CSF
  • lining the ventricular spaces
68
Q

What is GFAP?

A
  • the intermediate filament present within glial cells
  • marker for glioblastoma multiforme and pilocytic astrocytomas
69
Q

What does a meningioma look like on histology?

A
  • whorled spindle cells
  • abundant psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications)
70
Q

What are Homer-Wright rosettes? What are they assoc. with?

A
  • Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
  • seen in medulloblastoma or neuroblastoma
71
Q

Who gets craniopharyngiomas?

A

children or young adults

72
Q

What do schwannomas involve?

A
  • cranial or spinal nerves
    • esp. CN8 at the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA)
73
Q

What is a medulloblastoma?

A

a malignant CNS tumor of children arising from the neuroectoderm

74
Q

Medulloblastoma can compress the ____, causing _____.

A

4th ventricle –> noncommunicating hydrocephalus

75
Q

What do ependymal cells derive from?

A

neuroectoderm

76
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils seen in medulloblastoma or neuroblastoma are called _____.

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

77
Q

Where are schwannomas most likely to occur?

A
  • CN8 at the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA)
    • “vestibular schwannoma”
78
Q

Where do pilocytic astrocytoma most often arise?

A

in the cerebellum (posterior fossa)

79
Q

Name 2 histological features of glioblastoma multiforme.

A
  1. large amounts of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalasading normal tissue
  2. endothelial cell proliferation
80
Q

Who most often gets pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

children

81
Q

Bilateral schwanommas are seen in _____.

A

neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)

82
Q

What is the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme?

A

death in about 1 year

83
Q

What is the tumor that classically arises from astrocytes in an adult?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

84
Q

The 3 most common mets to the brain come from the ____, _____, and _____.

A
  1. lung
  2. breast
  3. kidney
85
Q

What is a meningioma? Who gets them?

A
  • a benign CNS tumor from the arachnoid (meningothelial) cells
  • classically seen in adult females
86
Q

Why do pts with craniopharyngiomas get bitemporal hemianopsia?

A

compression of the optic chiasm

87
Q

What are drop metastases? What are they associated with?

A

when medulloblastoma spreads into the spinal cord via the CSF

88
Q

If you see bitemporal hemianopsia, think _____ or _____.

A
  • pituitary tumors
  • craniopharyngioma
89
Q

What marker are schwannomas positive for?

A

S100

90
Q

Where do meningiomas most commonly occur within the brain?

A
  • near the surfaces
  • parasaggital region
91
Q

Where and how do metastatic lesions to the CNS most often occur?

A
  • at the gray-white junction
  • as multiple, well-circumscribed lesions
92
Q

What is the function of the astrocytes?

A
  • form the BBB
  • K+ metabolism
  • repair
  • NT reuptake
93
Q

What are the imaging findings in a meningioma?

A

a round mass attached to the dura

94
Q

What is the prognosis for craniopharyngioma?

A

it’s benign but can recur

95
Q

What are the microglia derived from?

A

mesoderm (mononuclear origin)

96
Q

What are meningothelial cells?

A

cells making up the meninges

97
Q

Relative to the tentorium, where do CNS tumors in adults occur?

A

above = adults

98
Q

Dx?

  • perivascular pseudo-rosettes
  • Rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near the nucleus
A

ependymoma

99
Q

What is the marker for the astrocytes?

A

GFAP

Pathoma LAH (77 decks)

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