Cardiology: 8.6: Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 1

idiopathic

Question 2

What is Endocardial fibroelastosis? Who gets it?

Answer 2

• a dense layer of fibrosis and elastic tissue in the endocardium –> restrictive cardiomyopathy
• children

Question 3

What is Loeffler syndrome?

Answer 3

eos infiltrate the heart wall –> fibrosis of endocardium and myocardium –> restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 4

Dx?

• massive hypertrophy of the L ventricle due to genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins

Answer 4

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 5

Does dilated cardiomyopathy cause L or R-sided heart failure?

Answer 5

both

Question 6

Is restrictive cardiomyopathy a problem for systole or diastole?

Answer 6

diastole (can’t fill properly)

Question 7

Does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause diastolic or systolic dysfunction?

Answer 7

diastolic- can’t fill properly

Question 8

What is the tx for dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

transplant

Question 9

What is the inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

autosomal dominant

Question 10

Name 5 causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Answer 10

1. amyloidosis
2. sarcoidosis
3. hemochromatosis
4. Endocardial fibroelastosis (in children)
5. Loeffler syndrome

Question 11

What is the most common cause of death in young athletes?

Answer 11

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 12

What are some complications assoc. with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 12

• mitral regurg
• tricuspid regurg
• arrhythmias

Question 13

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 13

massive hypertrophy of the L ventricle due to genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins

Question 14

How do pts with restrictive cardiomyopathy present?

Answer 14

CHF

Question 15

What ECG findings are seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 15

• low-voltage ECG
• diminished QRS amplitudes

Question 16

What are the clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 16

• decreased C.O.
• syncope with exercise
• sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias

Question 17

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 17

decreased compliance of the ventricular endomyocardium –> restricted filling during diastole

Question 18

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

dilation of all 4 chambers of the heart

Question 19

What is the problem with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 19

heart is stretched –> causes systolic dysfunction (can’t empty properly) –> biventricular CHF

Question 20

What biopsy findings are present in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 20

myofiber hypertrophy with disarray (fibers going in every direction instead of lined up parallel)

Question 21

Other than an idiopathic cause, what are some of the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 21

• genetic mutation (Autosomal dominant)
• myocarditis (esp. coxsackie B virus)
• alcohol
• drugs (Doxorubicin, cocaine)
• pregnancy (late prego or right after delivery)