Cardiology: 8.6: Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?
idiopathic
What is Endocardial fibroelastosis? Who gets it?
- a dense layer of fibrosis and elastic tissue in the endocardium –> restrictive cardiomyopathy
- children
What is Loeffler syndrome?
eos infiltrate the heart wall –> fibrosis of endocardium and myocardium –> restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dx?
- massive hypertrophy of the L ventricle due to genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Does dilated cardiomyopathy cause L or R-sided heart failure?
both
Is restrictive cardiomyopathy a problem for systole or diastole?
diastole (can’t fill properly)
Does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause diastolic or systolic dysfunction?
diastolic- can’t fill properly
What is the tx for dilated cardiomyopathy?
transplant
What is the inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
autosomal dominant
Name 5 causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
- amyloidosis
- sarcoidosis
- hemochromatosis
- Endocardial fibroelastosis (in children)
- Loeffler syndrome
What is the most common cause of death in young athletes?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What are some complications assoc. with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- mitral regurg
- tricuspid regurg
- arrhythmias
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
massive hypertrophy of the L ventricle due to genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins
How do pts with restrictive cardiomyopathy present?
CHF
What ECG findings are seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- low-voltage ECG
- diminished QRS amplitudes
What are the clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- decreased C.O.
- syncope with exercise
- sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
decreased compliance of the ventricular endomyocardium –> restricted filling during diastole
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
dilation of all 4 chambers of the heart
What is the problem with dilated cardiomyopathy?
heart is stretched –> causes systolic dysfunction (can’t empty properly) –> biventricular CHF
What biopsy findings are present in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
myofiber hypertrophy with disarray (fibers going in every direction instead of lined up parallel)
Other than an idiopathic cause, what are some of the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
- genetic mutation (Autosomal dominant)
- myocarditis (esp. coxsackie B virus)
- alcohol
- drugs (Doxorubicin, cocaine)
- pregnancy (late prego or right after delivery)
