Endocrine: 15.9: Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
This syndrome is from treatment resistant peptic ulcers from gastrinoma.
Zollister-Ellison syndrome
What is a pancreatic endocrine tumor? What is it assoc. with?
- tumor of the islet cells
- often a component of MEN1
What change in potassium status is seen in DKA? Why?
- hyperkalemia
- lack of insulin = K+ outside cell
- K+ brought out of cells to buffer acidemia
What does gastrin do?
stimulates parietal cells –> acid production
What is the effect of glucagon?
increased blood sugar from lipolysis and glycogenolysis
What alleles are associated with DM1?
HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4
What does a VIPoma do to the potassium status?
decreases serum levels (hypokalemia)
What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?
to produce digestive enzymes
What is the effect of sorbitol in a cell?
osmotic damage
What opposes glucose?
glucagon
Increased lipolysis causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the _____.
liver
Why does insulin resistance occur in obesity?
decreased numbers of insulin receptors
What do you need to give with the insulin when treating DKA? Why?
- potassium
- K+ is driven into cells with insulin
Increased lipolysis causes increased _____, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.
free fatty acids
Where are beta cells located?
centrally within the Islets of Langerhahn
Glucose + aldose reductase = ?
sorbitol
What will the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide findings in an insulinoma?
- decreased glucose
- increased insulin
- increased C-peptide
What is the function of SST?
- inhibits gastrin –> low acid production
- inhibits CCK –> gallbladder stasis –> gallstones, steatorrhea
Increased _____ causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.
lipolysis
What is the effect of insulin?
to increase Glut4 receptors –> increased glucose entry into cells
Pancreatic endocrine tumors are often seen as a component of ____.
MEN1
Glucagon _____ lipolysis.
increases
When glucose enters a cell, what happens?
- increased glycogen synthesis
- increased protein synthesis
- increased synthesis of fat
Why do schwann cells get damaged in diabetes?
they don’t require insulin for glucose uptake –> high glucose is converted into sorbitol –> osmotic damage
