Endocrine: 15.9: Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
This syndrome is from treatment resistant peptic ulcers from gastrinoma.
Zollister-Ellison syndrome
What is a pancreatic endocrine tumor? What is it assoc. with?
- tumor of the islet cells
- often a component of MEN1
What change in potassium status is seen in DKA? Why?
- hyperkalemia
- lack of insulin = K+ outside cell
- K+ brought out of cells to buffer acidemia
What does gastrin do?
stimulates parietal cells –> acid production
What is the effect of glucagon?
increased blood sugar from lipolysis and glycogenolysis
What alleles are associated with DM1?
HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4
What does a VIPoma do to the potassium status?
decreases serum levels (hypokalemia)
What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?
to produce digestive enzymes
What is the effect of sorbitol in a cell?
osmotic damage
What opposes glucose?
glucagon
Increased lipolysis causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the _____.
liver
Why does insulin resistance occur in obesity?
decreased numbers of insulin receptors
What do you need to give with the insulin when treating DKA? Why?
- potassium
- K+ is driven into cells with insulin
Increased lipolysis causes increased _____, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.
free fatty acids
Where are beta cells located?
centrally within the Islets of Langerhahn
Glucose + aldose reductase = ?
sorbitol
What will the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide findings in an insulinoma?
- decreased glucose
- increased insulin
- increased C-peptide
What is the function of SST?
- inhibits gastrin –> low acid production
- inhibits CCK –> gallbladder stasis –> gallstones, steatorrhea
Increased _____ causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.
lipolysis
What is the effect of insulin?
to increase Glut4 receptors –> increased glucose entry into cells
Pancreatic endocrine tumors are often seen as a component of ____.
MEN1
Glucagon _____ lipolysis.
increases
When glucose enters a cell, what happens?
- increased glycogen synthesis
- increased protein synthesis
- increased synthesis of fat
Why do schwann cells get damaged in diabetes?
they don’t require insulin for glucose uptake –> high glucose is converted into sorbitol –> osmotic damage
Where does glucagon come from?
the alpha cells of the pancreas
What enzyme converts glucose into sorbitol?
aldose reductase
Increased lipolysis causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into _____ in the liver.
ketone bodies
What acid-base disturbance will be seen in DKA?
anion gap metabolic acidosis
What is the function of VIP?
- inhibits gastric acid secretion
- increases GI motility
From where does insulin come from?
the beta cells of the pancreas
What is Zollister-Ellison syndrome?
treatment resistant peptic ulcers from a gastrinoma
Epi _____ glucagon.
increases
High insulin + no C-peptide = ?
exogenous injection of insulin
