Endocrine: 15.9: Endocrine Pancreas

Question 1

This syndrome is from treatment resistant peptic ulcers from gastrinoma.

Answer 1

Zollister-Ellison syndrome

Question 2

What is a pancreatic endocrine tumor? What is it assoc. with?

Answer 2

• tumor of the islet cells
• often a component of MEN1

Question 3

What change in potassium status is seen in DKA? Why?

Answer 3

• hyperkalemia
• lack of insulin = K+ outside cell
  
  • K+ brought out of cells to buffer acidemia

Question 4

What does gastrin do?

Answer 4

stimulates parietal cells –> acid production

Question 5

What is the effect of glucagon?

Answer 5

increased blood sugar from lipolysis and glycogenolysis

Question 6

What alleles are associated with DM1?

Answer 6

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4

Question 7

What does a VIPoma do to the potassium status?

Answer 7

decreases serum levels (hypokalemia)

Question 8

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 8

to produce digestive enzymes

Question 9

What is the effect of sorbitol in a cell?

Answer 9

osmotic damage

Question 10

What opposes glucose?

Answer 10

glucagon

Question 11

Increased lipolysis causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the _____.

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

Why does insulin resistance occur in obesity?

Answer 12

decreased numbers of insulin receptors

Question 13

What do you need to give with the insulin when treating DKA? Why?

Answer 13

• potassium
• K+ is driven into cells with insulin

Question 14

Increased lipolysis causes increased _____, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.

Answer 14

free fatty acids

Question 15

Where are beta cells located?

Answer 15

centrally within the Islets of Langerhahn

Question 16

Glucose + aldose reductase = ?

Answer 16

sorbitol

Question 17

What will the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide findings in an insulinoma?

Answer 17

• decreased glucose
• increased insulin
• increased C-peptide

Question 18

What is the function of SST?

Answer 18

• inhibits gastrin –> low acid production
• inhibits CCK –> gallbladder stasis –> gallstones, steatorrhea

Question 19

Increased _____ causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver.

Answer 19

lipolysis

Question 20

What is the effect of insulin?

Answer 20

to increase Glut4 receptors –> increased glucose entry into cells

Question 21

Pancreatic endocrine tumors are often seen as a component of ____.

Answer 21

MEN1

Question 22

Glucagon _____ lipolysis.

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

When glucose enters a cell, what happens?

Answer 23

• increased glycogen synthesis
• increased protein synthesis
• increased synthesis of fat

Question 24

Why do schwann cells get damaged in diabetes?

Answer 24

they don’t require insulin for glucose uptake –> high glucose is converted into sorbitol –> osmotic damage

Question 25

Where does glucagon come from?

Answer 25

the alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 26

What enzyme converts glucose into sorbitol?

Answer 26

aldose reductase

Question 27

Increased lipolysis causes increased free fatty acids, which are converted into _____ in the liver.

Answer 27

ketone bodies

Question 28

What acid-base disturbance will be seen in DKA?

Answer 28

anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 29

What is the function of VIP?

Answer 29

• inhibits gastric acid secretion
• increases GI motility

Question 30

From where does insulin come from?

Answer 30

the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 31

What is Zollister-Ellison syndrome?

Answer 31

treatment resistant peptic ulcers from a gastrinoma

Question 32

Epi _____ glucagon.

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

High insulin + no C-peptide = ?

Answer 33

exogenous injection of insulin