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Pathoma LAH > Pulmonary: 9.8: Lung CA > Flashcards

Pulmonary: 9.8: Lung CA Flashcards

1
Q

This is a tumor that lacks glands, mucus production (adenocarcinoma), keratin pearls, or intercellular bridges (squamous cell carcinoma).

A

large cell carcinoma

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2
Q
  • adenocarcinoma (40%)
  • squamous cell carcinoma (30%)
  • large cell carcinoma (10%)
  • carcinoid tumor (5%)

–> All are types of?

A

non-small cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Where is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma typically found? Related to smoking? Prognosis?

A
  • peripherally located
  • not related to smoking
  • excellent prognosis
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4
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of non-small cell carcinoma?

A
  • adenocarcinoma (40%)
  • squamous cell carcinoma (30%)
  • large cell carcinoma (10%)
  • carcinoid tumor (5%)
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5
Q

What is the overall 5-year survival rate of lung CA?

A

15%

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6
Q

If the lung tumor starts with _____, it is highly associated with smoking and paraneoplastic syndrome, and is centrally located.

A

S

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7
Q

Compression of _____ by lung CA causes ptosis, pinpoint pupils, and anhidrosis.

A

the sympathetic chain

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8
Q

What is a Pancos tumor?

A

a tumor in the apex of the lung

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9
Q

What are the 3 most common cancers in the US by incidence rate?

A
  1. breast/prostate2. lung3. colorectal
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10
Q

Name 2 benign lesions that can look like lung CA on chest xray.

A
  1. granuloma
  2. bronchial hamartoma
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11
Q

If the lung tumor starts with an S, it is highly associated with _____.

A

smoking and paraneoplastic syndrome, and is centrally located

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12
Q

_____ of the lung may produce PTHrP hormone, causing hypercalcemia.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q

What is a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

tumor consisting of keratin pearls or intercellular bridges

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14
Q

If a lung tumor involved the ____ nerve, the pt would present with hoarseness.

A

recurrent laryngeal

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15
Q

_____ is usually treated with chemo and not surgery, but _____ is treated by resection and doesn’t respond well to chemo.

A

Small cell lung CA; non-small cell lung CA

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16
Q

What is a large cell carcinoma?

A

tumor that lacks glands, mucus production (adenocarcinoma), keratin pearls, or intercellular bridges (squamous cell carcinoma)

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17
Q

____ is the most common lung CA of female smokers.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

This is a tumor of well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells that is chromogranin positive.

A

a carcinoid tumor

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19
Q

If a lung tumor involved the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the pt would present with _____.

A

hoarseness

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20
Q

What do lung metastases look like?

A

multiple cannon-ball nodules

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21
Q

This is a tumor of the small airways arising from the Clara cell of the lung.

A

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

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22
Q

This is an obstruction of the SVC causing distended neck veins, edema, and blue hue to the face and arms.

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

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23
Q

This is a tumor consisting of keratin pearls or intercellular bridges.

A

squamous cell carcinoma

24
Q

This tumor forms a polyp-like mass in the bronchus.

A

carcinoid tumor

25
Q

What are the 2 types of lung carcinomas?

A
  • small cell (15%)
  • non-small cell (85%)
26
Q

What does a carcinoid tumor look like?

A

a polyp-like mass in the bronchus

27
Q

If a lung tumor involved the phrenic nerve, the pt would present with _____.

A

diaphragmatic paralysis

28
Q

If a lung tumor involved the _____, the pt would present with diaphragmatic paralysis.

A

phrenic nerve

29
Q

What is a lack of sweat, especially on the forehead, called?

A

anhidrosis

30
Q

What is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma?

A

a tumor of the small airways arising from the Clara cell of the lung

31
Q

Where does lung CA commonly metastasize to?

A

the adrenal gland

32
Q

Name the 2 neuroendocrine lung tumors.

A
  1. small cell carcinoma2. carcinoid tumors
33
Q

What is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

obstruction of the SVC causing:

  • distended neck veins
  • edema
  • blue hue to the face and arms
34
Q

What is present in cigarette smoke that makes it high risk for lung cancer development?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arsenic

35
Q

What is the average age at presentation for lung CA?

A

60yo

36
Q

What are the risk factors for lung CA?

A

smoking, radon, asbestos

37
Q

Where does radon come from?

A

radioactive decay of uranium

38
Q

What are the most common sources of metastases to the lung?

A

breast and colon carcinomas

39
Q

____ lung tumors are located peripherally.

A

Adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar

40
Q

This is benign mass comprised of tissue native to that location that is disorganized.

A

hamartoma

41
Q

What is Eaton-Lambert Syndrome?

A

development of Abs to pre-synaptic Ca++ channels, resulting in muscle weakness

42
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may produce ____ hormone, causing ____.

A

PTHrP, hypercalcemia

43
Q

_____ causes squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

A

Arsenic

44
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma?

A

tumor consisting of glands and/or mucus production

45
Q

This is a tumor consisting of glands and/or mucus production.

A

adenocarcinoma

46
Q

What is a carcinoid tumor?

A

a tumor of well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells that is chromogranin positive

47
Q

What do TNM stand for in TNM staging?

A
  • T = size and local extension of the tumor
  • N = spread to lymph nodes
  • M = metastasis
48
Q

What is the most common cause of CA mortality in the US?

A

lung cancer

49
Q

Small cell lung carcinoma is usually treated with _____, but non-small cell lung carcinoma is treated by _____.

A

chemo (not surgery); surgery (no chemo)

50
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

a benign mass comprised of tissue native to that location that is disorganized

51
Q

What is the prognosis for large cell carcinoma?

A

poor

52
Q

What is anhidrosis?

A

lack of sweat, esp on the forehead

53
Q

Compression of the sympathetic chain by lung CA causes _____.

A
  • ptosis
  • pinpoint pupils
  • anhidrosis
54
Q

What causes granulomas?

A
  • TB
  • fungi
  • histoplasma
55
Q

This disease is caused by the development of Abs to pre-synaptic Ca++ channels, resulting in muscle weakness.

A

Eaton-Lambert Syndrome

56
Q

How does lung CA look on imaging?

A

a solitary nodule

Pathoma LAH (77 decks)

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