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Pathoma LAH > Pulmonary: 9.8: Lung CA > Flashcards

Pulmonary: 9.8: Lung CA Flashcards

1
Q

This is a tumor that lacks glands, mucus production (adenocarcinoma), keratin pearls, or intercellular bridges (squamous cell carcinoma).

A

large cell carcinoma

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2
Q
  • adenocarcinoma (40%)
  • squamous cell carcinoma (30%)
  • large cell carcinoma (10%)
  • carcinoid tumor (5%)

–> All are types of?

A

non-small cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Where is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma typically found? Related to smoking? Prognosis?

A
  • peripherally located
  • not related to smoking
  • excellent prognosis
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4
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of non-small cell carcinoma?

A
  • adenocarcinoma (40%)
  • squamous cell carcinoma (30%)
  • large cell carcinoma (10%)
  • carcinoid tumor (5%)
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5
Q

What is the overall 5-year survival rate of lung CA?

A

15%

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6
Q

If the lung tumor starts with _____, it is highly associated with smoking and paraneoplastic syndrome, and is centrally located.

A

S

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7
Q

Compression of _____ by lung CA causes ptosis, pinpoint pupils, and anhidrosis.

A

the sympathetic chain

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8
Q

What is a Pancos tumor?

A

a tumor in the apex of the lung

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9
Q

What are the 3 most common cancers in the US by incidence rate?

A
  1. breast/prostate2. lung3. colorectal
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10
Q

Name 2 benign lesions that can look like lung CA on chest xray.

A
  1. granuloma
  2. bronchial hamartoma
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11
Q

If the lung tumor starts with an S, it is highly associated with _____.

A

smoking and paraneoplastic syndrome, and is centrally located

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12
Q

_____ of the lung may produce PTHrP hormone, causing hypercalcemia.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q

What is a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

tumor consisting of keratin pearls or intercellular bridges

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14
Q

If a lung tumor involved the ____ nerve, the pt would present with hoarseness.

A

recurrent laryngeal

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15
Q

_____ is usually treated with chemo and not surgery, but _____ is treated by resection and doesn’t respond well to chemo.

A

Small cell lung CA; non-small cell lung CA

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16
Q

What is a large cell carcinoma?

A

tumor that lacks glands, mucus production (adenocarcinoma), keratin pearls, or intercellular bridges (squamous cell carcinoma)

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17
Q

____ is the most common lung CA of female smokers.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

This is a tumor of well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells that is chromogranin positive.

A

a carcinoid tumor

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19
Q

If a lung tumor involved the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the pt would present with _____.

A

hoarseness

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20
Q

What do lung metastases look like?

A

multiple cannon-ball nodules

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21
Q

This is a tumor of the small airways arising from the Clara cell of the lung.

A

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

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22
Q

This is an obstruction of the SVC causing distended neck veins, edema, and blue hue to the face and arms.

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

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23
Q

This is a tumor consisting of keratin pearls or intercellular bridges.

A

squamous cell carcinoma

24
Q

This tumor forms a polyp-like mass in the bronchus.

A

carcinoid tumor

25
What are the 2 types of lung carcinomas?
* small cell (15%) * non-small cell (85%)
26
What does a carcinoid tumor look like?
a polyp-like mass in the bronchus
27
If a lung tumor involved the phrenic nerve, the pt would present with \_\_\_\_\_.
diaphragmatic paralysis
28
If a lung tumor involved the \_\_\_\_\_, the pt would present with diaphragmatic paralysis.
phrenic nerve
29
What is a lack of sweat, especially on the forehead, called?
anhidrosis
30
What is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma?
a tumor of the small airways arising from the Clara cell of the lung
31
Where does lung CA commonly metastasize to?
the adrenal gland
32
Name the 2 neuroendocrine lung tumors.
1. small cell carcinoma2. carcinoid tumors
33
What is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?
obstruction of the SVC causing: * distended neck veins * edema * blue hue to the face and arms
34
What is present in cigarette smoke that makes it high risk for lung cancer development?
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arsenic
35
What is the average age at presentation for lung CA?
60yo
36
What are the risk factors for lung CA?
smoking, radon, asbestos
37
Where does radon come from?
radioactive decay of uranium
38
What are the most common sources of metastases to the lung?
breast and colon carcinomas
39
\_\_\_\_ lung tumors are located peripherally.
Adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar
40
This is benign mass comprised of tissue native to that location that is disorganized.
hamartoma
41
What is Eaton-Lambert Syndrome?
development of Abs to pre-synaptic Ca++ channels, resulting in muscle weakness
42
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may produce ____ hormone, causing \_\_\_\_.
PTHrP, hypercalcemia
43
\_\_\_\_\_ causes squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Arsenic
44
What is an adenocarcinoma?
tumor consisting of glands and/or mucus production
45
This is a tumor consisting of glands and/or mucus production.
adenocarcinoma
46
What is a carcinoid tumor?
a tumor of well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells that is chromogranin positive
47
What do TNM stand for in TNM staging?
* T = size and local extension of the tumor * N = spread to lymph nodes * M = metastasis
48
What is the most common cause of CA mortality in the US?
lung cancer
49
Small cell lung carcinoma is usually treated with \_\_\_\_\_, but non-small cell lung carcinoma is treated by \_\_\_\_\_.
chemo (not surgery); surgery (no chemo)
50
What is a hamartoma?
a benign mass comprised of tissue native to that location that is disorganized
51
What is the prognosis for large cell carcinoma?
poor
52
What is anhidrosis?
lack of sweat, esp on the forehead
53
Compression of the sympathetic chain by lung CA causes \_\_\_\_\_.
* ptosis * pinpoint pupils * anhidrosis
54
What causes granulomas?
* TB * fungi * histoplasma
55
This disease is caused by the development of Abs to pre-synaptic Ca++ channels, resulting in muscle weakness.
Eaton-Lambert Syndrome
56
How does lung CA look on imaging?
a solitary nodule

Pathoma LAH (77 decks)

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