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Pathoma LAH > Neuro: 17.5: Trauma > Flashcards

Neuro: 17.5: Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

How does a subdural hematoma present?

A

progressive neuro signs

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2
Q

Which artery is damaged in an epidural hematoma?

A

the middle meningeal artery

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3
Q

What is a lethal complication of an epidural hematoma?

A

transtentorial herniation

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4
Q

What is an uncal herniation? What is the result?

A
  • uncus of temporal lobe under the tentorium cerebelli –>
    • compress CN3 (down and out eyes with dilated pupil
    • compress posterior cerebral artery (infarction of occipital lobe)
    • pulls on paramedian artery of the brainstem (duret hemorrhages of the brainstem)
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5
Q

What brain injury is seen in shaken baby syndrome?

A

subdural hematoma

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6
Q

Dx?

  • lucid interval of hours to days preceding neuro signs, then a rapid crash and possible herniation
A

an epidural hematoma

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7
Q

Name the herniation:

  • uncus of temporal lobe under the tentorium cerebelli –>
    • compress CN3 (down and out eyes with dilated pupil),
    • compress posterior cerebral artery (infarction of occipital lobe)
    • pull on paramedian artery of the brainstem (duret hemorrhages of the brainstem)
A

uncal

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8
Q

Name the herniation:

  • cerebellar tonsils herniate thru the foramen magnum –> brainstem compression –> cardiopulmonary arrest
A

tonsillar

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9
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the _____.

A

maxillary artery

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10
Q

Dx?

  • rupture of a bridging vein btw the dura and arachnoid –> bleed
A

a subdural hematoma

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11
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A

a collection of blood beneath the dura

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12
Q

What causes an epidural hematoma?

A

fracture of the temporal bone –> rupture of the middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

What does a subdural hematoma look like on CT?

A
  • crescent-shaped blood collection that DOES cross suture lines
  • can cause a midline shift
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14
Q

Name 2 predisposing factors to subdural hematoma.

A
  1. brain atrophy (age, EtOH, etc)
  2. trauma
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15
Q

What is a non-lethal complication of an epidural hematoma?

A

CN3 palsy

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16
Q

What are the 3 complications of an uncal herniation and their end result?

A
  1. compress CN3 (down and out eyes with dilated pupil)
  2. compress posterior cerebral artery (infarction of occipital lobe)
  3. pul on paramedian artery of the brainstem (duret hemorrhages of the brainstem)
17
Q

What does an epidural hematoma look like on CT?

A

lens-shaped blood collection that DOES NOT cross suture lines

18
Q

Name the herniation:

  • cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri –> compress the anterior cerebral artery –> infarction
A

subfalcine

19
Q

What is a lethal complication of a subdural hematoma?

A

herniation

20
Q

Dx?

  • a collection of blood btw the dura and the skull
A

an epidural hematoma

21
Q

What is an epidural hematoma?

A

a collection of blood btw the dura and the skull

22
Q

What are the 3 most common types of brain herniation? Describe each.

A
  1. tonsillar (cerebellar tonsils thru the foramen magnum –> brainstem compression –> cardiopulmonary arrest)
  2. subfalcine (cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri –> compress the anterior cerebral artery –> infarction)
  3. uncal (uncus of temporal lobe under the tentorium cerebelli –> compress CN3, compress posterior cerebral artery, and pulls on paramedian artery of the brainstem
23
Q

What is a tonsillar herniation? What is the result?

A
  • cerebellar tonsils herniate thru the foramen magnum –>
  • brainstem compression –> cardiopulmonary arrest
24
Q

What causes a subdural hematoma?

A
  • rupture of a bridging vein btw the dura and arachnoid
  • usu from trauma
25
Q

What is a subfalcine herniation? What is the result?

A
  • cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri –>
  • compresses the anterior cerebral artery –> infarction
26
Q

Dx?

  • a collection of blood beneath the dura
A

a subdural hematoma

27
Q

Dx?

  • a lens-shaped lesion on head CT
A

an epidural hematoma

Pathoma LAH (77 decks)

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