Psych 421 Ch 9/12

Question 1

Relatively permanent changes in environment behavior relationships due to the experience of observing a model

Answer 1

Observational (vicarious) learning

Question 2

An increase in an observer’s tendency to imitate a model when the model’s behavior has been reinforced

Answer 2

Vicarious reinforcement

Question 3

A decrease in an observer’s tendency to imitate a model when the model’s behavior has been reinforced

Answer 3

Vicarious punishment

Question 4

the tendency to imitate modeled behavior even though the imitative behavior is not reinforced

Answer 4

generalized imitation.

This often leads to success

Question 5

• Consequences of the Model’s Behavior
• Consequences of the Observer’s Behavior
• Characteristics of the Model
• Observer’s Age
• Observer’s learning history
• Emotional state/Complexity (other variables)

Answer 5

Variables that affect Vicarious learning

Question 6

A period in the development of an organism during which it is especially likely to learn a particular kind of behavior

Answer 6

Critical period

Question 7

The tendency of some animals, particularly birds, to follow the first moving object they see after birth, usually their mother.

Answer 7

Imprinting

Question 8

The idea that organism are genetically disposed to learn some things and not others.

Answer 8

continuum of preparedness

Question 9

THe tendency for behavior to drift toward a fixed action pattern

Answer 9

Instinctive drift

Question 10

A procedure in which a stimulus is followed by a reinforcer regardless of what the organism does. The procedure often results in the shaping of behavior without reinforcement.

Answer 10

Autoshaping