Cooper ch 19 shaping

Question 1

systematically and differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior.

Answer 1

Shaping as a process

Question 2

when a practitioner differentially reinforces successive approximations toward a terminal behavior.

Answer 2

Shaping defined

Question 3

a terminal behavior-can be claimed when the topography, frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude/magnitude of the target behavior reaches a predetermined criterion level.

Answer 3

The end product of shaping

Question 4

a procedure in which reinforcement is provided for responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality, and in which reinforcement is withheld for responses that do not demonstrate that quality.

Answer 4

Differential reinforcement

Question 5

a behavior change produced by differential reinforcement: reinforced members of the current response class occur with greater frequency, and un-reinforced members occur less frequently (undergo extinction); the overall result is the emergence of a new response class.

Answer 5

Response differentiation

Question 6

results in a succession of new response classes, or successive approximations, each one closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.

Answer 6

gradually changing criteria for reinforcement results in

Question 7

science-based system for shaping behavior using positive reinforcement.

Answer 7

Clicker training

Question 8

• The clicker is a handheld device that produces a click sound when a metal tab is presented. Reinforcement is paired with the sound of the clicker so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer. First used with animals, and then applied to humans. Used to build behavior.

Answer 8

How clicker training is related to shaping