Autism Ch. 11 Flashcards
What are some gains that come about under “analogue” teaching conditions? What is one problem?
a. Social and language skills and reductions in disruptive and injurious repetitive behaviors.
b. Responding comes under the control of a few highly specific stimuli
Highly structured sessions, teach in “work” or academic context, Initiated and paced by teacher, same 1:1 setting, stimuli selected by teacher, same stimuli repeatedly, one acceptable response, same prompt repeatedly, artificial reinforcers.
Analog procedure
Loosely structured sessions, in context of play or everyday events, initiated and paced by the child, a variety of settings, stimuli are selected by the child, variety of stimuli across trials, no predetermined order of responses, teacher uses a variety of prompts, naturalistic reinforcers.
Naturalistic procedures
What does it mean when the authors say naturalistic approaches “reflect a developmentally normalized approach to instruction?”
Procedures are typically employed in the context of naturally occurring events, such as snack or play, rather than in a separate “work” or academic environment.
The “incidental” aspect of incidental teaching refers to what?
Interactions that arise naturally in an unstructured situation, such as free play
Describe what a teaching trial consists of in incidental teaching
trial begins when the child initiates an interaction with the teacher in an effort to access a particular object
Studies conducted by Hart and Risley, Miranda-Linne and Melin (1992), McGee et al. (1985) demonstrated that incidental teaching fosters _____________________, whereas analogue procedures foster faster ________.
better generalization and spontaneous language.
Aquisition
How is the mand-model procedure a modification of incidental teaching? How does it do this?
a. It was a modification with a specific focus on eliminating the dependence on child initiations
b. It places the mand prompt earlier in the teaching sequence
The time-delay procedure was developed in response to address what problem that was associated with mand-model procedures?
It was in response to concerns that the incidental teaching and mand-model modification could result in children who were too dependent on verbal prompts.
What does NLP emphasize as a critical component of effective teaching? What are some strategies that are used in this paradigm?
a. A child’s motivation is the critical component to effective teaching.
b. Use of the child’s choice in stimulus selection, use of natural reinforcers (functionally related), interspersal of mastered skills trials with emerging skills trials, reinforcement of communicative attempts, turn taking.
What is one feature that distinguishes the NLP from other naturalistic approaches?
Its emphasis on the incorporation of both mastered and emerging skills trials into the natural learning environment.
- How is PRT different than NLP? How is it Similar?
a. Although motivation is a critical element of effective teaching, there are additional “pivotal” responses that children with autism must learn to generalize behavior change.
b. The both incorporate the essential, motivation-related features of the NLP.
What are the three additional components of PRT that are pivotal?
a. Responding to multiple cues in any environment
b. Self-initiate
c. Once child learns to self-initiate and generalize, the door is opened to additional learning opportunities.
