Autism- Ch. 18

Question 1

When may more intrusive procedures, such as punishment, be appropriate for individuals diagnosed with autism?

Answer 1

For individuals with serious behavior problems

Question 2

What does response blocking and interruption involve?

Answer 2

Involve the use of brief physical contact to prevent a response from occurring or, once it has initiated, to prevent it from continuing to occur.

Question 3

How can we tell if response blocking is in fact a positive punishment procedure?

Answer 3

Behavior decreases

Question 4

What is overcorrection?

Answer 4

Requires the individual to engage in an effortful response after instances of problem behavior.

Question 5

What is positive practice?

Answer 5

Subject is required to repeatedly engage in an appropriate alternative behavior.

Question 6

What does time-out involve?

Answer 6

the contingent loss of access to positive reinforcers for a period of time.

Question 7

Response cost

Answer 7

the contingent removal of a specific amount of reinforcment

Question 8

a) How can a punishing stimulus become a conditioned reinforcers and b) why is it important to make sure this does not happen?

Answer 8

a) because punishment is more likely to be used when the reinforcer maintaining a behavior is unknown or cannot be controlled.
b) so that the behavior will decrease

Question 9

Punishment may be most effective if reinforcement can be obtained through ______________ sources contingently and non-contingently.

Answer 9

a variety

Question 10

Ethical and professional guidelines mandate use of __________ restrictive and clinically effective punishment procedures.

Answer 10

least

Question 11

One of the limitations of the guidelines for the use of punishment is the fact that it takes a trial-and-error approach to treatment selection (punishment selection). These guidelines focus on the topography of the intervention when defining least intrusive. What is a problem with this approach (think function of problem behavior)?

Answer 11

The fact that fairly intrusive procedure might function as a punisher for one person but as a reinforcer for another is disregarded when the focus is on the topography.

Question 12

Based on the study conducted by Fisher et al. (1994), the procedures that resulted in the highest rates of _________ responses were the most effective punishment procedures.

Answer 12

avoidance

Question 13

Intermittent punishment may be most effective when it is paired with a _______________ punisher

Answer 13

conditioned