Cooper ch 13 schedules Flashcards
a rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement, those environmental arrangements that determine conditions by which behaviors will produce reinforcement (305).
Schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior (305).
Continuous schedule of R
are possible in which some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior are reinforced (305).
Intermittent schedule of R
What are the 4 schedules of intermittent R.
- • Fixed ratio-requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
- • Variable ratio-requires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
- • Fixed interval-provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time.
- • Variable Interval-provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time.
Post reinforcement pause and has a high rate of responding.
Pattern of response for fixed ration
Produces consistent, steady rate of response with out post R pause. Rate of response is quick. The size of the ratio influences the rate of the response
Variable ratio pattern of responding
typically produce a post-reinforcement pause in responding during the early part of the interval. An initially slow but accelerating rate of response is evident toward the end of the interval, usually reaching a maximum rate just before delivery of the reinforcer.
o Rate of response- schedules tend to produce a slow to moderate rates of response. The duration of the time interval influences the post-reinforcement pause and the rate of response; to a degree, the larger the fixed interval requirement, the longer the post-reinforcement pause and the lower the overall rate of response.
Fixed interval pattern of responding
o Pattern of responding- schedules of reinforcement tends to produce a constant, stable rate of response. schedule typically produces few hesitations between responses.
o Rate of response-schedules of reinforcement tend to produce los to moderate rates of response. The average duration of the time intervals on VI schedules influences the rate of response; to a degree, the larger the average interval, the lower the overall rate of response.
Variable interval pattern of responding
refers to changing a contingency of reinforcement
Schedule thinning
a behavioral effect
Ratio strain
-the reinforcement of responses higher than a predetermined criterion.
DRH
responses are reinforced only when they are lower than the criterion.
DRL
provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of responses is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on the individual’s performance
DRD- diminishing rates
combining the elements of continuous reinforcement (CRF), the four intermittent schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI), differential reinforcement of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL), and extinction
How are compound schedules formed
a. Concurrent schedules of reinforcement occur when two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently or simultaneously for two or more behaviors.
Concurrent schedules of R