Psy 421 Ch 5

Question 1

Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur.

Answer 1

The law of effect

Question 2

Essentially what is the law of effect

Answer 2

Behavior is a function of its consequences.

Question 3

Operant learning

Answer 3

Behavior is weakened or strengthened by its consequences

Question 4

An increase in strength of behavior due to its consequences.

Answer 4

Reinforcement

Question 5

1. Behavior must have consequences
2. Behavior must occur more often
3. The increase in frequency must be a result of consequences

Answer 5

Cantania’s 3 characteristics reinforcement must have

Question 6

When a behavior is followed by the adding of a stimulus

Answer 6

Positive reinforcement

Question 7

When a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus

Answer 7

Negative reinforcement

Question 8

An operant training procedure in which performance of the behavior defines the end of a trial

Answer 8

Discrete trial

Question 9

An operant training procedure in which a behavior may be repeated any number of times

Answer 9

Free operant

Question 10

Any reinforcer that is not dependent on another reinforcer for its reinforcing properties

Answer 10

Primary reinforcer

Question 11

Any reinforcer that has acquired its reinforcing properties through its association with other reinforcers.

Answer 11

Secondary reinforcers

Question 12

Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior

Answer 12

Shaping

Question 13

A series of related behaviors, the last of which produces reinforcement.

Answer 13

Chaining

Question 14

The degree of correlation between a a behavior and its consequences.

Answer 14

Contingency

Question 15

General rule for contiguity

Answer 15

The shorter the contiguity the faster learning occurs

Question 16

Momentarily alters the effectiveness of the reinforcer

Answer 16

MO AKA EO

Question 17

The neural pathways believed to be associated with positive reinforcement

Answer 17

Reward pathways

Question 18

Transmits an impulse from one neuron to another. It also produces a natural “high”

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

Discounting reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior which decreases the probability of similar responses under similar conditions.

Answer 19

Extinction

Question 20

A sudden increase in a behavior after it was extinguished.

Answer 20

Spontaneous recovery

Question 21

The reappearance during extinction of a previously reinforced behavior

Answer 21

Resurgence

Question 22

An sudden increase in the rate of behavior during the early stages of extinction

Answer 22

Extinction burst

Question 23

Three major theories of positive reinforcement

Answer 23

1. Jill’s drive-reduction theory
2. Relative value theory/premack
3. Response deprivation theory

Question 24

Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probability relative to other behaviors.

Answer 24

Relative value theory

Question 25

The observation that high-probability behaviors reinforce low-probability behaviors

Answer 25

Premack principle

Question 26

The theory of reinforcement that says a behavior is reinforcing to the extent that the organism has been deprived of performing the behavior.

Answer 26

Response deprivation theory

Question 27

Response deprivation theory says that the relative value of one reinforcer to another is not vital; what is vital is the extent to which each behavior occurs below its baseline

Answer 27

Difference between response deprivation theory and relative value theory.