Psy 421 Ch 7 Flashcards
Punishment
A decrease in the strength of behavior du to its consequences.
Any conseuence of a behavior that decreases the strength of that behavior
Punisher
- The behavior must have a consequence
- The behavior must decrease in strength
- The decrease in strength must be from the consequence
Cantania’s three characteristics of punishment
A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of a stimulus
Positive Punishment
A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus
Negative punishment
A dependency between events
contingency
Nearness of events in time
Contiguity
The role of contingency
The greater the contingency the faster and stronger the behavior decreases
The role of contiguity
The closer/faster the contiguity the faster the behavior decreases
The role of intensity
The bigger the intesity/magnitude of the punishment the fast the behavior decreases
THe view that avoidance and punishment involve two procedures- Pavlovian and operant learning
Two- process theory
The view that avoidance and punishment involve only one procedure- operant learning
One-process learning
Five problems with punishment
- Escape- A typical reaction to punishment is to try to escape or avoid the source of punishment.
- Aggression- attacking those who punish
- Apathy- When escap ena daggression are not possible, behavior is suppressed all together
- Abuse- Physical punishment, can have the potential for abuse by the punisher
- Imitation of the punisher- Those who are punished tend to imitate those who punish them.
4 alternatives to punishment
- Response prevention
- Extinction
- Differential Reinforcement